Height as an Indicator of Economic Status in the Polish Territories Under Russian Rule at the Turn of the 19th to 20th Century

Czapla, Z.; Liczbińska, Grażyna

doi:10.1017/s0021932013000503

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In the gentlefolk, the lower BMI in the 4th birth cohort could be due to an increasing trend in body height in this group. This phenomenon was also observed in the Prussian sector and the Kingdom of Poland at the same time (Kopczyński, 2007;Nowak, 2011;Czapla & Liczbińska, 2014). Individuals born in the last cohort were probably better nourished and taller than those born earlier, having as a result a smaller proportion of body weight to body height.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…There is still little information about the relationship between the well-being, nutritional habits and BMIs of the 19th century population of the Polish lands. Research on historical Polish populations from the late 19th and early 20th centuries has been limited to analyses of determinants of body height as indicators of the prevailing socioeconomic conditions (Czekanowski, 1930;Kopczyński, 2005Kopczyński, , 2006Kopczyński, , 2007Kopczyński, , 2011Czapla & Liczbińska, 2014), or to secular trends in body height (Nowak, 2011;Czapla & Liczbińska, 2014). There have been no studies on a possible link between socioeconomic status and BMI by social group among the adult Polish population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body Mass Index Values in the Gentry and Peasantry in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Poland

2016

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The aim of this study was to assess the impact of social and occupational status on the BMI of the gentry and peasantry in the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of 19th and early 20th centuries. Use was made of data on the height and weight of 304 men, including 200 peasants and 104 gentlemen, and 275 women, including 200 from the peasantry and 75 from the gentry. Gentlemen were characterized by a greater body height than peasants (169.40 cm and 166.96 cm, respectively), a greater body weight (67.09 kg and 60.99 kg, respectively) and a higher BMI (23.33 kg/m2 and 21.83 kg/m2, respectively). Landowners and intelligentsia had a greater BMI than peasants (23.12 kg/m2 and 24.20 kg/m2 vs 21.83 kg/m2, respectively). In the case of women, there were no statistically significant differences in mean height, weight and BMI by their social position, and in BMI by occupational status. Underweight occurred less frequently in the gentry and more frequently in the peasantry (0.97% and 2.04%, respectively). Overweight was five times more common in gentlemen than in peasants (26.21% and 5.10%, respectively). Differences in the BMI of gentlefolk and peasants resulted from differences in diet and lifestyle related to socioeconomic status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Mass Index Values in the Gentry and Peasantry in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Poland

2016

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“…Secular trends in the heights of the Polish population from the 19 th century to modern times have been widely discussed (Bielicki and Szklarska 1999;Czapla and Liczbińska 2014;Czapla et al 2019;Kołodziej et al 2015;Łopuszańska-Dawid et al 2019). The positive secular trend in height was interrupted during conditions associated with WWI and WWII, but was re-established after WWII: 195519671975=160.39 cm (Górny and Dobrzańska 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In utero undernourishment during WWII: Effects on height and weight of young adult women

Czapla

Liczbińska

Piontek

et al. 2020

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Under marginal nutritional conditions, growth in utero is related to subsequent growth and adult height. The aim of this research is to compare the young adult body size of women grouped by estimated duration of pregnancy relative to World War II. Subjects were 620 university students 18-25 years, for whom archival data for date of birth, age, height and weight were available; the BMI was calculated. Based on estimated time of pregnancy and birth relative to WWII, the women were grouped as follows: (1) pregnancy and birth before the war (n=203); (2) pregnancy before the war, birth during the war (n=54); (3) pregnancy and birth during the war (n=173); (4) pregnancy during the war, birth after the war (n=16); and (5) pregnancy and birth after the war (n=174). Heights of women born before and after WWII were significantly taller than heights of women born during the war. Though not significant, the height of women who were conceived before but born during the war was intermediate between those of women born before and during the war. The height of women conceived during the war but born after the war was similar to that of women conceived and born during the war. In contrast, BMIs and the distributions of women by weight status did not differ among the five pregnancy groups. The results suggested that heights of young adult women exposed in utero to the conditions of WWII (marginal nutritional status, maternal stress, among other factors) were shorter than women who were not exposed in utero to wartime conditions.

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“…Their analysis of the historic data revealed a significant association between final body height and socioeconomic status among the different provinces. The authors concluded that the socioeconomic conditions in a certain region exert significant effects on the quality of life, which is reflected in biological variables such as height (Czapla & Liczbińska 2014).…”

Section: The Systematic Analysis: Psychosocial Factors and Physical Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taking the findings of the previously reviewed studies together, it should be noted that a general association between socioeconomic status and growth outcomes could be observed. Even across various temporal and cultural contexts, taller mean stature and lower frequencies of stunting were associated with higher socioeconomic status (Chistiansen 1975;Bielicki et al 1981;Bogin et al 2002;Wamani et al 2007;El Taguri et al 2009;Mushtaq et al 2011;Nguyen et al 2013;Czapla & Liczbińska 2014;Keino et al 2014;Vercelotti et al 2014;Krishna et al 2015;Schwekendiek 2017;Green et al 2018;Scheffler et al 2020). Despite their agreement on a general association between socioeconomic status and growth, the authors discussed different possible explanations for this trend.…”

Section: The Systematic Analysis: Psychosocial Factors and Physical Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity of human growth – a systematic review on psychosocial factors influencing growth

Niere¹,

Spannemann²,

Stenzel³

et al. 2020

anthranz

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Background: This systematic review aimed at collecting, analyzing and summarizing scientific studies focusing on psychosocial factors that influence linear growth among humans. Methods: The online database "PubMed" was used in order to acquire suitable scientific studies. These studies were evaluated based on clearly defined criteria that determine whether a study was to be excluded or included in the literature review. In the end, a total sum of 36 studies remained, which were carefully analyzed and used to generate an overview of the association between psychosocial factors and linear growth. Results: In the 36 reviewed studies, different social and psychological factors, such as socioeconomic status, parental education or emotional deprivation were set in relation to physical growth among humans. The studies were listed and summarized, depending on the investigated psychosocial factor. A clear association between psychosocial factors and growth could be observed in most of the reviewed studies. Discussion: Based on the results of the reviewed studies it could be concluded that the regulation of linear growth is also subject to different psychosocial factors. The way in which the developing human and the specific social environment interact seemed to have a major impact on linear growth. Statusspecific stress was discussed as one possible explanation for the regulating mechanism of human linear growth.

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Height as an Indicator of Economic Status in the Polish Territories Under Russian Rule at the Turn of the 19th to 20th Century

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Body Mass Index Values in the Gentry and Peasantry in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Poland

Body Mass Index Values in the Gentry and Peasantry in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Poland

In utero undernourishment during WWII: Effects on height and weight of young adult women

Plasticity of human growth – a systematic review on psychosocial factors influencing growth

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