Height, Muscle, Fat and Bone Response to Growth Hormone in Short Children with Very Low Birth Weight Born Appropriate for Gestational Age and Small for Gestational Age

Berndt, C; Schweizer, Roland; Ranke, Michael B.; Binder, Gerhard; Martin, David

doi:10.1159/000358520

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In this study, we clarified body composition in short‐stature children born SGA and showed that they have reduced BMI‐SDS with VAT and SAT within or below the Japanese reference values. In line with the current results, the lean phenotype in short‐stature children born SGA has also been implicated, and most of the literature has shown that this was associated with reductions in both LBM and fat mass 20–22 . Despite these findings, Willemsen et al .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In line with the current results, the lean phenotype in short-stature children born SGA has also been implicated, and most of the literature has shown that this was associated with reductions in both LBM and fat mass. [20][21][22] Despite these findings, Willemsen et al previously reported the body composition in these children and showed that the significant reduction in LBM-SDS was not observed when LBM-SDS was adjusted for height and sex, whereas FM-SDS significantly reduced even after adjustment for height and sex. 11 These findings indicate that decreases in FM predominantly affect the lean phenotype in children born SGA without catch-up growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Fat distribution in short‐stature children born small for gestational age

Maeyama

Ida

Onuma

et al. 2020

Pediatrics International

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Background: Children born small for gestational age (SGA) with catch-up growth are at high risk for developing obesity; however, the characteristics of body composition, especially fat distribution, before and after growth hormone (GH) treatment in SGA children without catch-up growth remains largely unknown. Methods: Anthropometric characteristics, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorption, and fat distribution by computed tomography at the umbilical level were examined in 27 prepubertal short-stature children born SGA before and 1 year after GH treatment. Results: Before GH treatment, short-stature SGA children had lean phenotypes, and both visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were significantly lower than the age-and sex-matched Japanese reference values. Growth hormone treatment significantly increased height standard deviation scores (SDS), without affecting body mass index SDS. Percentage fat mass decreased with GH treatment; however, fat mass was not altered. Both VAT and SAT were significantly lower than the reference values after GH treatment. The ratio of VAT over SAT significantly increased by GH treatment. Conclusions: Both VAT and SAT were within or below the age-and sex-matched Japanese reference values in short-stature children born SGA before and after GH treatment, indicating that GH treatment may not have unfavorable effects on adiposity in short-stature children born SGA, although it may alter fat distribution.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Fat distribution in short‐stature children born small for gestational age

Maeyama

Ida

Onuma

et al. 2020

Pediatrics International

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“…We suppose that we did not find differences on lower limbs' strength between ISS and HC groups thanks to the effectiveness of the GH treatment to which the children with ISS were subjected, according to many previous studies reporting increases in muscle size and muscle strength in children treated [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In the same way, Mauras et al reported higher levels of muscle strength after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRHa) treatment in children with short stature [46]. Moreover, several researches demonstrated that long-term GH treatment in children with short stature increases muscle mass improving the related muscle strength [37,47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Comparison of Postural Features and Muscle Strength between Children with Idiopathic Short Stature and Healthy Peers in Relation to Physical Exercise

et al. 2020

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Previous research has reported that children with idiopathic short stature (ISS) showed functional and cognitive impairments. The purpose of this study was to compare muscle strength and body posture between children with ISS treated with growth hormone (GH) and healthy peers (healthy children, HC), and to analyze whether these parameters were affected by physical exercise. Eighteen children for the ISS group (mean age: 10.96 ± 1.68 years) and 26 children for the HC group (mean age: 10.19 ± 1.06 years) were recruited for the study. All participants performed the following assessments: handgrip and Sargent test for the muscle strength evaluation; baropodometric and stabilometric test for the posturographic measures. Data were analyzed with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) using height and weight as covariate. Groups were then stratified into active and inactive and independent t-tests were used to determine differences between variables. Significance level was set to p < 0.05. Our results showed a significantly lower performance for both hands (p < 0.01) and a greater difference of plantar loading distribution between feet in the ISS compared to the HC groups (p < 0.01). In relation to physical exercise, the HC active group showed the highest handgrip strength values for both hands among the analyzed groups and, moreover, handgrip strength of both ISS active and inactive groups was significantly lower than corresponding CH peers for both hands. Although ISS and HC inactive groups reported an unequal plantar loading distribution between feet (p < 0.05), this asymmetry was not present in both ISS and HC active groups. We assume that GH therapy integrated with physical exercise in young patients with ISS could be suggested to increase muscle strength and body posture improving their quality of life.

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“…Previous reports have shown that the body composition of short-stature children has different characteristics than that of normal children. In a casecontrol study comparing muscle mass between children with short stature and normal controls, fat-free mass, such as protein and bone minerals, was reported to be lower in children with short stature (14). GH treatment results in improvements in body composition and long-term beneficial effects on muscle and adipose tissues (15,16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between uric acid and height during growth hormone therapy in children with idiopathic short stature

et al. 2022

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BackgroundSerum uric acid (UA) within appropriate levels is reported to be beneficial in patients with idiopathic short stature (ISS). This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum UA levels and height standard deviation scores (SDS) in patients with ISS during growth hormone (GH) therapy.MethodsA longitudinal study (LG Growth Study) of 182 children (mean age: 7.29±2.60 years) with ISS was performed. All participants were in the prepubertal stage and treated with GH, and the data within a treatment period of 30 months were analyzed. ResultsIn the adjusted Pearson’s correlation, UA was significantly correlated with height SDS after controlling for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) SDS (r=0.22, p=0.007). In the adjusted multiple regression analyses, the height SDS was significantly associated with UA after controlling for sex, age, and BMI SDS (β=0.168, p=0.007). Within the 30-month treatment period, the UA levels significantly increased as the height SDS increased, and the mean UA levels at baseline and 30 months after treatment were 3.90±0.64 mg/dL and 4.71±0.77 mg/dL, respectively (p=0.007). DiscussionIn conclusion, UA is related to height SDS, and GH treatment leads to a significant increase in UA without hyperuricemia. Elevated UA is considered a favorable outcome of GH therapy, and further studies are needed to determine its role as a monitoring tool.

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Height, Muscle, Fat and Bone Response to Growth Hormone in Short Children with Very Low Birth Weight Born Appropriate for Gestational Age and Small for Gestational Age

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Fat distribution in short‐stature children born small for gestational age

Fat distribution in short‐stature children born small for gestational age

Comparison of Postural Features and Muscle Strength between Children with Idiopathic Short Stature and Healthy Peers in Relation to Physical Exercise

Association between uric acid and height during growth hormone therapy in children with idiopathic short stature

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