Height, predictors of C-peptide and cancer risk in men

Giovannucci, Edward; Rimm, Eric B.; Liu, Yan; Willett, Walter C.

doi:10.1093/ije/dyh020

Cited by 62 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Of 18 prospective cohort studies published to date, 11 showed no association (34,35,41,(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51) and 7 showed statistically significant elevations in risk with increasing height (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33). Risk increases in the latter studies varied from 20% to 80% for men in the highest versus the lowest quantile of height.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This homogeneity also adds strength to the study, however, in that differences in height may be influenced to a proportionally greater degree by variations in environmental exposures (particularly nutrition), as compared with heredity and socioeconomic factors (41). In fact, five of the seven prospective studies that yielded positive associations between height and prostate cancer risk were conducted in cohorts that were relatively homogeneous with respect to ethnicity alone (28) or both ethnicity and social class (27,29,30,32). An additional minor limitation is that measured height may not have reflected maximal adult height in our study population because taller men tended to be younger, and it is known that standing height decreases with advancing age (42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Case-control studies have reported predominantly weak or no associations (4,10,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26), whereas several cohort studies found statistically significant elevations in risk (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33). Eight studies have specifically evaluated height as a risk factor for clinically advanced cancer (16,21,24,(29)(30)(31)(33)(34)(35), with three reporting >50% increases in risk of advanced disease for men taller than 173 cm (24,29,30). Because the associations between height and prostate cancer seemed to be relatively modest in the aforementioned studies, large numbers of cases are required to detect small yet meaningful associations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Prospective Investigation of Height and Prostate Cancer Risk

Sequoia¹,

Wright²,

McCarron³

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Greater adult height, which reflects a combination of early nutrition, exposure to androgens, growth hormones, and other factors during growth and development, as well as heredity, has been associated with increased prostate cancer risk in several observational studies, but findings have been inconsistent. We examined this relationship in the AlphaTocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study cohort. At baseline, 29,119 Finnish male smokers 50 to 69 years old had height and weight measured by trained personnel, provided information on demographic, smoking, medical, and other characteristics, and completed an extensive diet history questionnaire. A total of 1,346 incident prostate cancer cases were identified during a follow-up period of up to 17.4 years (median, 14.1 years). In age-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for prostate cancer according to increasing quintiles of height [V168, 169-171, 172-175, 176-178, and >178 cm] were 1.00 (reference), 1.11 (0.93-1.32), 1.11 (0.95-1.31), 1.30 (1.01-1.55), and 1.14 (0.96-1.35); P trend = 0.04. In analyses stratified by disease stage (available for 916 cases), a strong dose-response relationship was observed between greater height and advanced, but not earlier-stage, disease [tumornode-metastasis stage III-IV, hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for increasing quintiles of height: 1.77 (1.18-2.65), 1.82 (1.25-2.65), 1.93 (1.29-2.90), and 2.02 (1.37-2.97); P trend = 0.0008, P interaction = 0.002]. Our study provides additional evidence that increased height is a risk factor for prostate cancer and suggests that taller men are particularly susceptible to advanced disease. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(11):2174 -8)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Prospective Investigation of Height and Prostate Cancer Risk

Sequoia¹,

Wright²,

McCarron³

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…Initial studies done in prostate cancer showed a correlation with plasma IGF-1 levels (Chan et al, 1998). Subsequently, various studies have confi rmed high levels of IGF-1 and insulin levels associated with prostate cancer risk prospectively (Harman et al, 2000;Kaaks et al, 2003;Giovannucci et al, 2004). A link between breast cancer risk and hyperinsulinemia (measured by fasting C-peptide levels) has been shown mainly in postmenopausal breast cancer (Verheus et al, 2006).…”

Section: Insulin Like Growth Factor and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Syndecan as a Messenger to Link Diabetes and Cancer

Kim

Raman²

2011

Biomolecules and Therapeutics

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Cell surface syndecans are membrane-anchored proteoglycans. These glycoproteins have covalently linked glycosaminoglycan side chains. They interact via their extracellular part with various growth factors, extracellular matrix components, other cell surface molecules, and proteins involved in the regulation of blood coagulation. Thus the syndecans involve in synchronized expression patterns during embryogenesis and malignant transformation. These cell-cell interactions via their extracellular matrix ligands control cell proliferation, dynamic cytoskeletal remodeling, apoptosis and gene expression.Over the last few years, it has been widely accepted that heparan sulfate proteoglycans play a role in growth control, cell spreading, cellular recognition, cellular adhesion, and signaling, possibly as co -receptors with integrins, IGF-1R and cell -cell adhesion molecules, including fi bronectin, vitronectin, laminins, and the fi brillar collagens (Bernfi eld et al., 1999;Woods, 2001;Alexopoulou et al., 2007;Beauvais and Rapraeger, 2010). In addition, all syndecans have dibasic peptide sequence adjacent to the plasma membrane. Thus, the extracellular domains of syndecans could be cleaved by extracellular proteases. Syndecan's ectodomains have been shown to regulate a multitude of biological functions in celldependent and cell-independent approaches (Li et al., 2002;Endo et al., 2003;Elenius et al., 2004). Soluble syndecans also convert the membrane-bound receptors into soluble effectors/or antagonists. The soluble ectodomains of syndecans can compete with intact syndecans for extracellular ligands (Steinfeld et al., 1996). In this review, we will discuss the general Syndecans are membrane-anchored proteoglycans and implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer progression and metastasis. Syndecans also play important roles in interacting with growth factors, extracellular matrix and other cell surface molecules such as IGF-1 receptor. In the present review, we discuss about the syndecan structure, their role in signaling with other receptors, in addition to its general biology. The emerging roles of syndecans in the pathophysiology of human diseases, especially insulin resistance, diabetes and cancer is discussed. Abstractfeatures and their conventional roles in signaling with co-receptors. Finally, we will explore the emerging roles of syndecans in the pathophysiology of human diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. SYNDECAN STRUCTUREAll the syndecans are a type 1 transmembrane proteins that are expressed in almost every cell of the body. Four members of syndecan family have been identifi ed in mammalians such as syndecan-1, 2, 3, and 4. Syndecan-1 analogs are also identifi ed in other mammals such as mouse, rat, dog, chimpanzee, guinea pig, Chinese hamster, cat and chicken. The extracellular domains of human and mouse syndecan-1 display approximately 70% sequence homology whereas the transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic domain show 96 % and 100% sequence homology, respectively. Synthesis of four syndecan core proteins are ...

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“…Attained adult height can thus be used as a biomarker for early childhood energy intake (Albanes et al, 1988). There is some indication for a positive association between adult height and overall risk of malignancy (Batty et al, 2006), although the data reported are inconsistent as yet (Giovannucci et al, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

Tallness is associated with risk of testicular cancer: evidence for the nutrition hypothesis

Hartmann

Claßen

et al. 2008

Br J Cancer

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The pathogenesis of testicular germ cell tumours (GCTs) is potentially influenced by high-energy nutrition during infancy. As adult height is a proxy for childhood nutrition, we investigated the role of nutrition in GCT pathogenesis by comparing stature of patients with healthy men. In a matched case -control study, 6415 patients with GCT were compared with healthy army conscripts (1:6 matching modus) with regard to height (cm) and body mass index (BMI; kg/m 2 ). Statistical analysis involved tabulation of descriptive height measures and BMI. Conditional logistic regression models were used to quantify the association of GCT with height, with odds ratios (OR) adjusted for BMI. The literature was searched for studies on stature in GCT patients. Body size is significantly associated with risk of GCT, very tall men (4195 cm) having a GCT risk of OR ¼ 3.35 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 2.88 -3.90; adjusted). Short stature is protective (OR ¼ 0.798; 95% CI: 0.68 -0.93). Both histologic subgroups are associated with tallness. Of 16 previous reports, 7 were confirmative, 5 had null and 4 equivocal results. The association of stature with GCT risk accords with the nutrition hypothesis of GCT. This study expands the current view of GCT tumorigenesis by suggesting that high-calorie intake in childhood promotes GCT precursors originating in utero.

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Height, predictors of C-peptide and cancer risk in men

Cited by 62 publications

References 65 publications

A Prospective Investigation of Height and Prostate Cancer Risk

A Prospective Investigation of Height and Prostate Cancer Risk

Syndecan as a Messenger to Link Diabetes and Cancer

Tallness is associated with risk of testicular cancer: evidence for the nutrition hypothesis

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