Helicobacter pylori: A Contemporary Perspective on Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies

Ali, Asghar; AlHussaini, Khalid I.

doi:10.3390/microorganisms12010222

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…In the context of dysbiosis, Clostridium difficile , which typically colonizes asymptomatic individuals, becomes a hazardous pathogen. However, there are several micro-organisms that have the potential to become harmful to the gastrointestinal mucosa [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridium difficile infection after stoma reversal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature

Tirelli,

Langellotti,

Lorenzon

et al. 2024

Int J Colorectal Dis

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Background Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has been described in the early post-operative phase after stoma reversal. This systematic review aimed to describe the incidence of CDI after stoma reversal and to identify pre-operative variables correlated with an increased risk of infection. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines in March 2024. Manuscripts were included if reported at least one patient with CDI-associated diarrhoea following stoma reversal (colostomy/ileostomy). The primary outcome of interest was the incidence of CDI; the secondary outcome was the comparison of clinical variables (age, sex, time to stoma reversal, neo-adjuvant and adjuvant therapies after index colorectal procedure) in CDI-positive versus CDI-negative patients. A meta-analysis was performed when at least three studies reported on those variables. Results Out of 43 eligible manuscripts, 1 randomized controlled trial and 10 retrospective studies were selected, including 17,857 patients (2.1% CDI). Overall, the mean age was 64.3 ± 11.6 years in the CDI group and 61.5 ± 12.6 years in the CDI-negative group (p = 0.51), with no significant difference in sex (p = 0.34). Univariable analyses documented that the mean time to stoma reversal was 53.9 ± 19.1 weeks in CDI patients and 39.8 ± 15.0 weeks in CDI-negative patients (p = 0.40) and a correlation between neo-adjuvant and adjuvant treatments with CDI (p < 0.001). A meta-analysis was performed for time to stoma reversal, age, sex, and neo-adjuvant therapies disclosing no significant differences for CDI (stoma delay, MD 11.59; 95%CI 24.32–1.13; age, MD 0.97; 95%CI 2.08–4.03; sex, OR1.11; 95%CI 0.88–1.41; neo-adjuvant, OR0.81; 95%CI 0.49–1.35). Meta-analysis including patients who underwent adjuvant therapy evidenced a higher risk of CDI (OR 2.88; 95%CI 1.01–8.17, p = 0.11). Conclusion CDI occurs in approximately 2.1% of patients after stoma reversal. Although a trend of increased delay in stoma reversal and a correlation with chemotherapy were documented in CDI patients, the use of adjuvant therapy was the only possible risk factor documented on meta-analysis. PROSPERO registration number CRD42023484704

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridium difficile infection after stoma reversal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature

Tirelli,

Langellotti,

Lorenzon

et al. 2024

Int J Colorectal Dis

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“…In the last few years, alternative strategies for the treatment of H. pylori infection, such as vaccination, nanotechnology, probiotics, and testing of the bacterium’s sensitivity to antibiotics, have been investigated. New diagnostic methods have also been tested, e.g., multiplex PCR, fecal microbiome analysis, and confocal laser endomicroscopy [ 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) was recognized a number of years ago as the cause of chronic inflammation in the human gastric mucosa [ 1 ]. Numerous studies have confirmed that neoplasms of the stomach are associated with H. pylori infection [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. According to the literature, approximately 50.0% of the world’s population is affected by H. pylori infection, and its prevalence varies depending on the geographical area and the method used to prove the infection [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathohistological Changes in the Gastric Mucosa in Correlation with the Immunohistochemically Detected Spiral and Coccoid Forms of Helicobacter pylori

Brkić,

Švagelj,

Omazić

2024

Microorganisms

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Background: The coccoid form of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is resistant to antibiotics. There are only a few studies that have analyzed the frequency of coccoid H. pylori in patients with gastritis. The aim of this work was to examine the correlation between the H. pylori form and the pathohistological characteristics of the stomach in patients with gastritis. Materials and methods: This research was cross-sectional and focused on the gastric mucosa samples of 397 patients from one general hospital in Croatia. Two independent pathologists analyzed the samples regarding the pathohistological characteristics and the form of H. pylori. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the gender of patients with H. pylori gastritis. Only the coccoid form of H. pylori was present in 9.6% of patients. There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of a certain form of the bacterium depending on its localization in the stomach. The intensity of the bacterium was low in the samples where only the coccoid or spiral form was described. In cases of infection in the antrum, premalignant lesions and the coccoid form of H. pylori were more often present. Conclusion: In the diagnosis of H. pylori infection, the determination of the form of the bacterium via immunohistochemistry should be included to increase the rate of eradication therapy and reduce the incidence of gastric malignancy.

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“…Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative, helicalshaped bacterium with flagella, which confer motility enabling it to penetrate the protective mucosal layer and colonize the gastric epithelium [1][2][3][4][5]. It is estimated that half of the world population is infected by H. pylori, but the global prevalence varies significantly between countries and regions [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive peptides as alternative treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection

Franca-Oliveira,

Hernández-Ledesma,

Martinez-Rodriguez

2024

BCHD

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The infection and chronic inflammatory response generated by Helicobacter pylori is a global health concern. This pathogen is characterized as a major risk factor in the development of gastric cancer and other diseases. Conventional eradication therapies are based on antibiotic regimens and as a consequence there is an increase in antimicrobial resistance of the pathogen strains, besides other potential side effects for the host. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new alternatives. This review delves into the realm of antimicrobial peptides, exploring their efficacy against H. pylori sourced from diverse origins. Furthermore, it sheds light on food-derived peptides exhibiting remarkable biological activity. These peptides exhibit promising effects on biomarkers associated with H. pylori infection, demonstrating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties validated through rigorous testing in both cell and animal models. Regarding the anti-inflammatory activity, the peptide VPY derived from soybean and the peptides derived from animal sources such as meat (β-Ala-His), egg (DEDTQAMPFR, DEDTQAMPF, MLGATSL, MSYSAGF, CR, FL, HC, LL, MK) and milk (IPAV) have reported a reduction of the cytokine IL-8, biomarker directly related to H. infection. For the antioxidant activity, peptides derived from milk (EAMAPK, AVPYPQ) and from Spirulina maxima (LDAVNR, MMLDF) have reduced ROS levels and could have a positive effect on the control of H. infection. Food-derived bioactive peptides with an anti-adhesive effect were also discussed. They derive from vegetable sources (corn, pea and wheat) and are capable of interacting with the host cells, interfering the adherence of H. pylori. Food-derived bioactive peptides have potential to avoid and/or mitigate undesired outcomes of infectious diseases due to the possibility of its application in nutraceuticals and food products, resulting in a preventive approach. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, antibiotic resistance, bioactive peptides, antimicrobial peptides

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Helicobacter pylori: A Contemporary Perspective on Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies

Cited by 24 publications

References 148 publications

Clostridium difficile infection after stoma reversal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature

Clostridium difficile infection after stoma reversal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature

Pathohistological Changes in the Gastric Mucosa in Correlation with the Immunohistochemically Detected Spiral and Coccoid Forms of Helicobacter pylori

Bioactive peptides as alternative treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection

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