Helicobacter pylori antibody and pepsinogen testing for predicting gastric microbiome abundance

Abstract

BackgroundAlthough the high-throughput sequencing technique is useful for evaluating gastric microbiome, it is difficult to use clinically. We aimed to develop a predictive model for gastric microbiome based on serologic testing.MethodsThis study was designed to analyze sequencing data obtained from the Hanyang University Gastric Microbiome Cohort, which was established initially to investigate gastric microbial composition according to the intragastric environment. We evaluated the relationship between the relative abundance of potential gastric cancer-associated bacteria (nitrosating/nitrate-reducing bacteria or type IV secretion system [T4SS] protein gene-contributing bacteria) and serologic markers (IgG anti-Helicobacter pylori [HP] antibody or pepsinogen [PG] levels).ResultsWe included 57 and 26 participants without and with HP infection, respectively. The relative abundance of nitrosating/nitrate-reducing bacteria was 4.9% and 3.6% in the HP-negative and HP-positive groups, respectively, while that of T4SS protein gene-contributing bacteria was 20.5% and 6.5% in the HP-negative and HP-positive groups, respectively. The relative abundance of both nitrosating/nitrate-reducing bacteria and T4SS protein gene-contributing bacteria increased exponentially as PG levels decreased. Advanced age (only for nitrosating/nitrate-reducing bacteria), a negative result of IgG anti-HP antibody, low PG levels, and high Charlson comorbidity index were associated with a high relative abundance of nitrosating/nitrate-reducing bacteria and T4SS protein gene-contributing bacteria. The adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) was 53.7% and 70.0% in the model for nitrosating/nitrate-reducing bacteria and T4SS protein gene-contributing bacteria, respectively.ConclusionNot only the negative results of IgG anti-HP antibody but also low PG levels were associated with a high abundance of nitrosating/nitrate-reducing bacteria and T4SS protein gene-contributing bacteria.

Low Pepsinogen I/II Ratio and High Gastrin-17 Levels Typify Chronic Atrophic Autoimmune Gastritis Patients With Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors

“…The pathologic cause of CAAG is primarily a genetic autoimmune disorder, but environmental causes, such as H. pylori infection, may favor the development of autoimmunity. Although it is known that PGII levels correlate with H. pylori infection ( 14 , 31 ), in our series, the mean PGII level was slightly higher in patients without gNET, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. This finding suggests that gNET is unrelated to H. pylori infection, as a previous study reported ( 32 ).…”

Exploring Esophageal Microbiomes in Esophageal Diseases: A Systematic Review

“…In patients with severe atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, which decreased the intragastric acidity, various bacteria other than H. pylori are found. 39 Therefore, the esophageal microbial composition can easily be considered to change in patients with GERD and Barrett's esophagus.…”

The Role of Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Cancer and Cancer Treatment: Chance or Curse?

“…127 A predictive model also was developed that includes serologic testing of IgG anti-H pylori antibody and pepsinogen, nitrosating/nitrate-reducing bacteria abundance, and type IV secretion system genecontributing bacteria in the stomach. 128 Both approaches have clear limitations and currently remain within the development space.…”