Helicopter rotor performance degradation in natural icing encounter

Korkan, K. D.; Dadone, L.; Shaw, R. J.

doi:10.2514/3.48226

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…It was noted that many of the broken samples had a pattern on the interface showing lines near the edges. 38 This pattern matched a pattern of frost formed on the samples which was observed post-test, an example of which is shown in Figure 56. These patterns were likely due to a sublimation and frost cycle which occurred on a delaminated section of ice.…”

Section: Second Irt Test Entry Data and Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Several large-scale efforts have been made to advance the state of the art protection for rotorcraft. In the mid-1980's, a large number of parties worked together on the UH-1H helicopter icing flight test program [37][38][39]. NASA, the U.S. Army, the U.S. Air Force, the Canadian National Research Council (NRC), BF Goodrich, Bell, and others worked together in a massive effort to study helicopter icing and to test pneumatic boots for use on rotorcraft.…”

Section: Rotorcraft Icingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The measurement of the adhesion of glaze ice.

Hardesty¹

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Icing is a lethal and costly aviation hazard affecting aircraft of all sizes ranging from small UAVs to large commercial craft such as the Boeing 787, resulting in hundreds of deaths over the last century and resulting in billions of dollars of economic impact. Three predominant types of icing, namely, airframe icing, engine icing, and rotorcraft icing, dominate aircraft icing research. Each type poses unique challenges. In the case of rotor icing, attention needs to give to the rotating environment with large oscillatory loads and icing conditions. In the case of airframe icing, special attention needs to be paid to a variety of loading cases from the available options for de-icing and anti-icing equipment. In the case of engine icing, the formation mechanism is poorly understood and the structure of the ice needs to be studied in greater detail. Airframe icing requires However, all three share the same fundamental problem that ice sticks to surfaces. How strongly ice adheres to a surface dictates how hard it is to remove. The adhesion strength then regulates the primary threat from icing-the maximum aerodynamic penalty that accretion will have. It also dictates the threat of impingement from shed ice elsewhere on the aircraft, such that a piece of ice from the main rotor could strike the tail rotor on a helicopter, destroying it.

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Section: Second Irt Test Entry Data and Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Rotorcraft Icingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The measurement of the adhesion of glaze ice.

Hardesty¹

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“…Rotor blade ice accretion, which primarily affects rotor blade aerodynamic characteristics, degrades performance and flying qualities and can pose a threat to flight safety. Within the past 30 years, researchers have drawn upon experimental and theoretical research involving fixed-wing and propeller icing to investigate the potentially hazardous effects of ice accretion on rotor blades (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) . Korkan et al (5)(6)(7) and Flemming et al (8,9) initially studied rotorcraft icing problems, but only as regards the effects of icing on rotor blade aerodynamics and rotor torque.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the past 30 years, researchers have drawn upon experimental and theoretical research involving fixed-wing and propeller icing to investigate the potentially hazardous effects of ice accretion on rotor blades (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) . Korkan et al (5)(6)(7) and Flemming et al (8,9) initially studied rotorcraft icing problems, but only as regards the effects of icing on rotor blade aerodynamics and rotor torque. More recently, Flemming and Lusczz (10) incorporated an empirical icing code in a flight simulator to predict the effect of ice accretion on aircraft flight dynamics in trimmed and maneuvering flight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Helicopter flight characteristics in icing conditions

Cao

Hess

2012

Aeronaut. j. (1968)

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A method to predict the effects of rotor icing on the flight characteristics of a UH-60A helicopter is presented. By considering both natural ice shedding and different types of ice accretion due to local temperature variations on the blade surface, an improved rotor icing model was developed. Next, the effects of icing on rotor force, torque and flapping were incorporated in a nonlinear helicopter dynamic model. Based upon icing design envelopes in cumuliform clouds, trim and stability characteristics were studied. Further development of the helicopter state-space model allowed control and handling qualities characteristics to be investigated with variation of the three icing-related cloud variables (atmospheric temperature, liquid water content, and median volumetric diameter). Results indicated that this method of evaluating rotorcraft icing is both feasible and useful.

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A three-dimensional mathematical model for simulating ice accretion on helicopter rotors

Chen

Cao

et al. 2018

Physics of Fluids

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A new three-dimensional mathematical model is proposed to predict the shape of accreted ice on helicopter rotors. The model assumes that ice accretion on a rotor’s surface occurs by flow and solidification of a thin water film on its surface. The model is developed by analyzing conservation of mass, momentum, and energy in the thin water film on a rotating curved surface. The model is expressed in rotating body-fitted nonorthogonal curvilinear coordinates, and the Coriolis-force term in the momentum equations is neglected because its effect is relatively small compared with that of the centrifugal force. The computational method is presented to solve the model, and the model is validated by comparing its results with published experimental data. The results show that the proposed model accurately predicts both the water-film thickness and the ice-layer thickness on a rotating surface. Additionally, the model has been used to study how the rotor angular speed and MVD (Median Volumetric Diameter) of the droplets affect ice accretion. The results show that an increase in both angular speed and MVD can lead to a thicker layer of ice, while the effect of MVD on ice accretion near the stagnation point becomes unobvious when MVD is larger enough.

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Helicopter rotor performance degradation in natural icing encounter

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

The measurement of the adhesion of glaze ice.

The measurement of the adhesion of glaze ice.

Helicopter flight characteristics in icing conditions

A three-dimensional mathematical model for simulating ice accretion on helicopter rotors

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