Heliothis virescens and Bt cotton in the United States

Blanco, Carlos A.

doi:10.4161/gmcr.21439

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Bt-expressing cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., has been efÞciently used to control among other Lepidoptera, the noctuid tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), one of the main insect pests attacking cotton in the American continent, especially because the species developed resistance to many insecticides once used for its management (Sparks 1981, Wolfenbarger et al 1981, McCaffery 1998, Teran-Vargas et al 2005, Ali and Luttrell 2006, Blanco et al 2008a, Blanco 2012. However, the tobacco budworm has shown natural variability in the susceptibility to Cry1Ac protein even before the commercial widespread use of Bt cotton (Gould et al 1992, Stone and Sims 1993, Gould et al 1995, Luttrell et al 1999.…”

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Genetic Structure and Gene Flow Among Brazilian Populations of <I>Heliothis virescens</I> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

et al. 2012

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Population genetic studies are essential to the better application of pest management strategies, including the monitoring of the evolution of resistance to insecticides and genetically modified plants. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) crops have been instrumental in controlling tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a pest that has developed resistance to many common insecticides once used for its management. In our study, microsatellite markers were applied to investigate the genetic structure and patterns of gene flow among Brazilian populations of H. virescens from cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., fields, aiming to propose means to improve its management in the field. In total, 127 alleles were found across nine microsatellites loci for 205 individuals from 12 localities. Low levels of gene flow and moderate to great genetic structure were found for these populations. Host plant association, crop growing season, and geographic origin were not responsible for the genetic structuring among Brazilian populations of H. virescens. Other factors, such as demographic history and seasonal variability of intrapopulation genetic variation, were suggested to be molding the current pattern of genetic variability distribution.

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Genetic Structure and Gene Flow Among Brazilian Populations of <I>Heliothis virescens</I> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

et al. 2012

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“…In the Southern United States, Bt-expressing cotton was rapidly adopted after it became commercially available for management of H. virescens in 1996 (James 2015; Supplementary Figure 2). Prior to the widespread use of Bt-expressing cotton, populations of H. virescens had evolved resistance to every insecticide used for their management (Blanco 2012), including pyrethroid insectides (Luttrell et al 1987, Campanhola andPlapp 1989). Concerns over the possibility that H. virescens and other insect targets of Bt crops would evolve resistance to the endogenously expressed proteins spawned an entire field of research related to Bt resistance and associated genetic mechanisms (Reviewed in Heckel et al 2007, Tabashnik et al 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional inadvertent targets of selection by Bt-expressing cotton could include loci involved in feeding and oviposition behaviors. H. virescens are well known for the damage they cause to cultivated cotton (reviewed in Blanco 2012), but their host plant range includes tobacco, soybean, garbanzo bean (Fitt 1989), and a number of wild hosts (Sudbrink and Grant 1995). Heritable, intraspecific variation in host choice has been observed for H. virescens (Sheck and Gould 1993, Sheck and Gould 1995, Karpinski et al 2014, as well as other closely-related Lepidopteran species (Jallow and Zalucki 1996, Jallow et al 2004, Oppenheim et al 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a scenario would select against individuals that preferentially oviposit and feed upon cultivated cotton, in favor of those that utilize alternative host plants. Allele frequency changes in genes associated with chemosensation, central nervous system function, and metabolism may have occurred as H. virescens was driven off of its primary cotton host plant (Blanco 2012 Andrews et al 2016). These marker sets enable scientists to scan the genomes of field-collected organisms in search of the gene targets of selection, particularly where selection is strong and a reference genome assembly for read alignment is available (Lowry et al 2017, Catchen et al 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contemporary evolution of a Lepidopteran species,Heliothis virescens, in response to modern agricultural practices

Fritz

DeYonke

Papanicolaou³

et al. 2017

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Adaptation to human-induced environmental change has the potential to profoundly influence the genomic architecture of affected species. This is particularly true in agricultural ecosystems, where anthropogenic selection pressure is strong. Heliothis virescens primarily feeds on cotton in its larval stages and US populations have been declining since the widespread planting of transgenic cotton, which endogenously expresses proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). No physiological adaptation to Bt toxin has been found in the field, so adaptation in this altered environment could involve: 1) shifts in host plant selection mechanisms to avoid cotton, 2) changes in detoxification mechanisms required for cotton-feeding versus feeding on other hosts, or 3) loss of resistance to previously used management practices including insecticides. Here we begin to address whether such changes occurred in H. virescens populations between 1997-2012, as Bt cotton cultivation spread through the agricultural landscape. For our study, we produced an H. virescens genome assembly and used this in concert with a ddRAD-seq enabled genome scan to identify loci with significant allele frequency changes over the 15 year period. Genetic changes at a previously described H. virescens insecticide target of selection were detectable in our genome scan, and increased our confidence in this methodology. Additional loci were also detected as being under selection, and we quantified the selection strength required to elicit observed allele frequency changes at each locus. Potential contributions of genes near loci under selection to adaptive phenotypes in the H. virescens cotton system are discussed.

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“…since decades [1]. Tobacco budworm is a polyphagous field crop pest, for crops such as alfalfa, clover, cotton, flax, soybean, and tobacco.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational identification and characterization of putative miRNAs in Heliothis virescens

Chilana

Sharma²,

Arora³

et al. 2013

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Heliothis virescens, a polyphagous pest, is one of the most destructive pests of many crops and vegetables. Various insecticides and pesticides are used by agriculturalists to stop the growth and development of this pest. RNA interference is a new area for the management of pests/insects by inhibiting the growth related RNAs. This involves the miRNAs identification and its characterization. In the present study, computational approach is applied to predict putative miRNA candidates along with their possible target(s) in the Heliothis virescens. A total of 63,662 ESTs were downloaded from dbEST database and processed, trimmed and masked through EGassembler. The H. virescens contigs database obtained after assembly was now used to find the putative miRNA candidates by performing a local BLAST with the miRNAs of insects retrieved from miRBase. We have predicted putative miRNA candidates by homology search against all the reported insect miRNAs. These putative miRNAs candidates were further validated and filtered by different features. In addition, we have also attempted to predict the putative targets of these filtered miRNAs, by making use of 3' untranslated regions of mRNAs from B. mori. These miRNAs and their targets in H. virescens will help in improved understanding of molecular mechanisms of miRNA and development of novel and more precise techniques for better understanding some post transcriptional gene silencing.

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Heliothis virescens and Bt cotton in the United States

Cited by 32 publications

References 77 publications

Genetic Structure and Gene Flow Among Brazilian Populations of <I>Heliothis virescens</I> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Genetic Structure and Gene Flow Among Brazilian Populations of <I>Heliothis virescens</I> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Contemporary evolution of a Lepidopteran species,Heliothis virescens, in response to modern agricultural practices

Computational identification and characterization of putative miRNAs in Heliothis virescens

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