Helium‐3 in the Guaymas Basin: Evidence for injection of mantle volatiles in the Gulf of California

Lupton, J. E.

doi:10.1029/jb084ib13p07446

Cited by 63 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Similarly, during dives of the submersible Alvin in January 1982, hydrothermal sulfide deposits and associated vents indicated exit temperatures of hydrothermal waters between 275 and 315°C. That these vents do contribute substantially to the bottom waters of the Guaymas Basin has been shown from 3 He anomalies observed by Lupton (1979).…”

Section: Hydrothermal Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At these high temperatures, the emanating water will presumably be enriched in sulfides and trace metals, which then can lead to sulfide deposition. The sources of these sulfides and trace metals may be located both in the basalts (evident from 3 He anomalies; Lupton, 1979) and in the sediments. Waters advecting through the sediments at slower rates, that is, at depths less than 180 meters at Site 477, will lead to the deposition of sulfides in the sediments as well as to the formation of K-feldspars near the upper sill complex.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrothermal Activity in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California: A Synthesis

Gieskes¹,

Kastner²,

Einsele³

et al. 1982

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

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Observations of the physical properties of sediments, the chemistry of interstitial waters and solid phases, the mineralogy of the sediments, and the isotope geochemistry of interstitial waters and sediments have led to the conclusion that two types of hydrothermal systems are operative in the Guaymas Basin of the Gulf of California: (1) hydrothermal activity associated with relatively shallow basaltic sill intrusions in highly porous sediments-generally of relatively short duration and associated with temperatures <200°C-and (2) hydrothermal activity caused by large magmatic intrusions at greater depths. This latter activity involves recharge of the hydrothermal system by basin bottom waters; fractures in low-porosity sediments and faults in the sea floor serve as conduits for fluids heated up to temperatures in excess of 300°C. This type of hydrothermal activity lasts long enough to lead to substantial alteration of sediments into a well-developed greenschist facies: chlorite-quartz-albite-sphene-epidote-Fe-sulfides. The mechanisms of the hydrothermal systems are discussed in detail and are consistent with the extensive heat flow data obtained in this area.

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Section: Hydrothermal Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrothermal Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Activity in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California: A Synthesis

Gieskes¹,

Kastner²,

Einsele³

et al. 1982

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

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show abstract

“…comm. ; Lupton, 1979), and hydrothermal precipitates have been found on fault ledges (Lonsdale, 1978). The basin is being faulted actively, and it appeared likely that one or more faults, possible pathways for hydrothermal fluxes, would be sampled in the sediments by the drilling.…”

Section: Sediments Stratigraphy and Basementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guaymas Basin: Sites 477, 478, and 481

Curray¹,

Moore²

1982

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

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“…Sulfur and oxygen isotopes indicated precipitation at about 280 °C (Lonsdale et al, 1980). 3 He/ 4 He 65-70% higher than atmospheric helium were measured in the Guaymas Basin (Lupton, 1979); 3 He is a geochemical tracer for mantlederived volatiles. In 1978, during the survey cruise for DSDP Leg 64, gravity cores were recovered from the slopes and troughs of the Guaymas Basin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Two Distinct Hydrothermal Systems in the Guaymas Basin

Kastner¹

1982

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

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Mineralogical and oxygen isotopic analyses of samples from Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 477, 481, and 477 in the Guaymas Basin indicate the existence of two distinct hydrothermal systems. In the first, at Sites 481 and 478, hot dolerite sills intruded into highly porous hemipelagic siliceous mudstones that were moderately rich in organic matter, thermally altered the adjacent sediments, and expelled hydrothermal pore fluids. The second, at Site 477 and active at present, is most probably caused by a recent igneous intrusion forming a magma chamber at shallow depth.In the first hydrothermal system, the main thermal reactions above and below the sills are dissolution of opal-A and formation of quartz, either directly or through opal-CT; formation of smectite; formation of analcime only above the sills; dissolution and recrystallization of calcite and occasional formation of dolomite or protodolomite. The δ 18 θ values of the hydrothermal^ altered sediments range from 9.9 to 12.2% (SMOW). The δ 18 θ values of recrystallized calcites above the first sill complex, Site 481, indicate temperatures of 140° to 170°C. No fluid recharge is required in this system. The thickness of the sill complexes and the sequence and depth of intrusion into the sediment column determine the thickness of the alteration zones, which ranges from 2 or 3 to approximately 50 meters. Generally, the hydrothermally altered zone is thicker above than below the sill.In the second type, the sediments are extensively recrystallized. The characteristic greenschist-facies mineral assemblage of quartz-albite-chlorite-epidote predominates. Considerable amounts of pyrite, pyrrhotite, and sphene are also present. The lowest δ 18 θ value of the greenschist facies rocks is 6.6%, and the highest δ 18 θ value of the associated pore fluids is +1.38% (SMOW). The paragenesis and the oxygen isotopes of individual phases indicate alteration temperatures of 300 ± 50°C. On the basis of the oxygen isotopes of the solids and associated fluids, it is concluded that recharge of fluids is required. The water/rock ratio in wt.% is moderate, approximately 2/1 to 3/1-higher than the calculated water/rock ratio of the hydrothermal system at the East Pacific Rise, 21 °N.

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Helium‐3 in the Guaymas Basin: Evidence for injection of mantle volatiles in the Gulf of California

Cited by 63 publications

References 23 publications

Hydrothermal Activity in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California: A Synthesis

Hydrothermal Activity in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California: A Synthesis

Guaymas Basin: Sites 477, 478, and 481

Evidence for Two Distinct Hydrothermal Systems in the Guaymas Basin

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