Helium II in Low-Temperature and Superconductive Magnet Engineering

Mardion, G. Bon; Claudet, G.; Seyfert, P.; Verdier, Jacques

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-4039-3_44

Cited by 32 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A two-reservoir system, similar in principle to that of Claudet [4] and Bon Mardion [5,6], is used. The lower vessel, which contains the magnet and is completely filled with liquid, is pressurized to slightly over one atmosphere by contact with an upper saturated helium bath.…”

Section: Test Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of epoxy-free superconducting dipole magnets and performance in both Helium I and pressurized Helium II

et al. 1981

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Abstract. Three model superconducting dipole magnets 1m long, without iron, having a bore diameter of 76 mm have been built without epoxy resins or other adhesives and tested in He I and He 11. The conductor is the 23-strand Rutherford-type cable used in the Fermilab Doubler Saver magnets, and is insulated with Mylar and Kapton. The two-layer winding is highly compressedby a system of structural support rin^s and tapered collets. Little "training" was required to reach quench currents greater than 95 percent of "short sample" in Helium I. The maximum quench current in He II is increased ?0 to 30 percent, compared with He I operation at 4.4 K. Test results are given on cyclic losses, heater-induced quenches, and charge-rate effects.

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Section: Test Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of epoxy-free superconducting dipole magnets and performance in both Helium I and pressurized Helium II

et al. 1981

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“…The first use of superconducting magnets in an operational collider was in the ISR, but always at 4 K to 4.5 K [5]. However, research was moving towards operation at 2 K and lower, to take advantage of the increased temperature margins and the enhanced heat transfer at the solid-liquid interface and in the bulk liquid [6]. The French Tokamak Tore II Supra demonstrated this new technology [7,8], which was then proposed for the LHC [9] and brought from the preliminary study to the final concept design and validation in six years [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 shows a perspective view while figure 3.7 illustrates the cross-section of an SSS. The cold masses of the arc SSSs contain the main quadrupole magnets, MQ, and various corrector magnets.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

LHC Machine

Evans¹,

Bryant²

2008

J. Inst.

1,820

1,344

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2008 JINST 3 S08001 9.3.1 The VME and PC Front End Computers 9.3.2 The PLCs 9.3.3 The supported fieldbuses 9.3.4 The WorldFIP fieldbus 9.3.5 The Profibus fieldbus 9.4 Servers and operator consoles 9.5 Machine timing and UTC 9.5.1 Central beam and cycle management 9.5.2 Timing generation, transmission and reception 9.5.3 UTC for LHC time stamping 9.5.4 UTC generation, transmission and reception 9.5.5 NTP time protocol 9.6 Data management 9.6.1 Offline and online data repositories 9.6.2 Electrical circuits 9.6.3 Control system configuration 9.7 Communication and software frameworks 9.7.1 FEC software framework 9.7.2 Controls Middleware 9.7.3 Device access model 9.7.4 Messaging model 9.7.5 The J2EE framework for machine control 9.7.6 The UNICOS framework for industrial controls 9.7.7 The UNICOS object model 9.8 Control room software 9.8.1 Software for LHC beam operation 9.8.2 Software requirements 9.8.3 The software development process 9.8.4 Software for LHC Industrial Systems 9.9 Services for operations 9.9.1 Analogue signals transmission 9.9.2 Alarms 9.9.3 Logging 9.9.4 Post mortem 10 Beam dumping 10.1 System and main parameters 13 LHC as an ion collider 13.1 LHC parameters for lead ions 13.1.1 Nominal ion scheme 13.1.2 Early ion scheme 13.2 Orbits and optical configurations for heavy ions 13.3 Longitudinal dynamics 13.4 Effects of nuclear interactions on the LHC and its beams 13.5 Intra-beam scattering 13.6 Synchrotron radiation from lead ions LHC machine acronyms Bibliography-vi-2008 JINST 3 S08001 Chapter 1 2008 JINST 3 S08001 2.2.7 Collective beam instabilities The interaction of the charged particles in each beam with each other via electromagnetic fields and the conducting boundaries of the vacuum system can result in collective beam instabilities. Generally speaking, the collective effects are a function of the vacuum system geometry and its surface properties. They are usually proportional to the beam currents and can therefore limit the maximum attainable beam intensities. 2.2.8 Luminosity lifetime The luminosity in the LHC is not constant over a physics run, but decays due to the degradation of intensities and emittances of the circulating beams. The main cause of the luminosity decay during nominal LHC operation is the beam loss from collisions. The initial decay time of the bunch intensity, due to this effect, is:

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“…In that case, the coefficient m is equal to 3. The other, where the m coefficient is equal to 3.4, has been first defined by Bon Mardion [11,12] and used by Sato [6] in recent works. The f(T,p) correlations have been extracted from Sato's paper in this second case.…”

Section: Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D CFD Transient Numerical Simulation of Superfluid Helium

Bruce

Reynaud

Pascali

et al. 2017

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Abstract. Numerical simulations of superfluid helium are necessary to design the next generation of superconducting accelerator magnets at CERN. Previous studies have presented the thermodynamic equations implemented in the Fluent CFD software to model the thermal behavior of superfluid helium. Momentum and energy equations have been modified in the solver to model a simplified two-fluid model. In this model, the thermo-mechanical effect term and the Gorter-Mellink mutual friction term are the dominant terms in the momentum equation for the superfluid component. This assumption is valid for most of superfluid applications. Transient thermal and dynamic behavior of superfluid helium has been studied in this paper. The equivalent thermal conductivity in the energy equation is represented by the GorterMellink term and both the theoretical and the Sato formulation of this term have been compared to unsteady helium superfluid experiments. The main difference between these two formulations is the coefficient to the power of the temperature gradient between the hot and the cold part in the equivalent thermal conductivity. The results of these unsteady simulations have been compared with two experiments. The first one is a Van Sciver experiment on a 10 m long, and 9 mm diameter tube at saturation conditions and the other, realized in our laboratory, is a 150×50×10 mm rectangular channel filled with pressurized superfluid helium. Both studies have been performed with a heating source that starts delivering power at the beginning of the experiment and many temperature sensors measure the transient thermal behavior of the superfluid helium along the length of the channel.

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Helium II in Low-Temperature and Superconductive Magnet Engineering

Cited by 32 publications

References 2 publications

Design of epoxy-free superconducting dipole magnets and performance in both Helium I and pressurized Helium II

Design of epoxy-free superconducting dipole magnets and performance in both Helium I and pressurized Helium II

LHC Machine

3D CFD Transient Numerical Simulation of Superfluid Helium

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