Helium Retards Endotracheal Tube Fires from Carbon Dioxide Lasers

High frequency jet ventilation for microlaryngeal laser surgery

“…The main surgical requirements are a stationary target without obstruction to the surgeons' view or to the path of the laser beam [I]. Any foreign materials in the surgical field must be nonflammable [4] and the environment should not encourage combustion [2]. Methods of anaesthesia used include intermittent apnoea, spontaneous ventilation using a nasal airway, conventional controlled ventilation using a small nasotracheal tube, jet insufflation via a Sanders apparatus and more recently HFJV.…”

“…The surgical field is clear, but aspiration is a potential problem. This inspired mixture would encourage combustion of materials such as surgical swabs, drapes and tissue fragments [2]. Any hypercarbia would augment the arrhythmogenic potential of high concentrations of halothane.…”

“…A low inspired oxygen concentration with absence of nitrous oxide and halothane should decrease the risk of conflagration [2]. The inherent positive end-expiratory pressure produced [lo] may help to prevent aspiration into the lungs.…”

6 Lasers in Facial Plastic Surgery

“…In addition, portions of the hair follicle are resorbed altogether. 75 The amount of hair in any given phase varies among patients and anatomical sites. Multiple sessions are therefore required to treat all of the hairs in any given region.…”

Feasibility of Adding Extraneous Fresh Gas Flow (Heliox or Air) at an Accessory Fresh Gas Flow Entry Point in a Fresh Gas Flow Compensated Anesthesia Machine

“…The low density reduces the Reynolds number of gas mixtures containing it. 12,13 These physical characteristics have made helium interesting to clinicians for the last 70 years. This decreased resistance with helium as a constituent gas provides the therapeutic benefits of helium-oxygen (heliox) in treating patients with airway obstruction.…”