Helmet Use Among Motorcyclists in Cambodia: A Survey of Use, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices

Bachani, Abdulgafoor M.; Tran, Nhan; Sann, Socheata; Ballesteros, Michael F.; Gnim, Chandara; Amra, Ou; Sem, Panhavuth; Nie, Xiaoyu; Hyder, Adnan A.

doi:10.1080/15389588.2011.630763

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Although we can find no prior published literature elucidating rationale for non-adherence to conspicuity measures in developing nations, research on helmet use indicates that while cost is often cited by drivers as a major reason in helmet acquisition, there are a multitude of other influential factors [18]. One major factor appears to be enforcement of traffic safety laws [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of free distribution of safety equipment on usage among motorcycle–taxi drivers in Tanzania—A cluster randomised controlled trial

Sumner

Pallangyo

Reddy

et al. 2014

Injury

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Introduction Deaths due to road traffic injuries, particularly motorcycle crashes, have increased rapidly in many African nations and context-specific strategies to improve preventative behaviors are needed. Although adhering to conspicuity measures by wearing reflective safety vests is a highly effective crash prevention strategy and mandated by law among motorcycle-taxi drivers in some African countries, actual use is currently low. We aimed to test whether eliminating cost-barriers through the provision of free reflective, fluorescent motorcycle safety vests would lead to increased utilization among a high-risk population of motorcycle-taxi drivers in Tanzania. Methods A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted among 180 motorcycle-taxi drivers. Participants randomised to the intervention arm (90) received free, reflective, fluorescent vests; participants randomised to the control arm (90) did not receive free vests. Participants’ use of reflective vests was then observed on city streets over a three month period and differential uptake was estimated using mixed-effects logistic regression. Results Baseline use of reflective vests was 3.3% in both arms. Seventy-nine drivers in the intervention arm and 82 drivers in the control arm were observed during follow-up. The average proportion of observations during which motorcycle drivers were using a reflective vest was 9.5% in the intervention arm, compared to 2.0% in the control arm (odds ratio: 5.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.1-26.9, p-value: 0.04). Conclusion Although distribution of free reflective vests led to a statistically significant increase in vest usage, the absolute increase was modest. Additional strategies beyond removing economic barriers are important to augment adherence to road safety behaviors for injury prevention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of free distribution of safety equipment on usage among motorcycle–taxi drivers in Tanzania—A cluster randomised controlled trial

Sumner

Pallangyo

Reddy

et al. 2014

Injury

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show abstract

“…On an individual level, studies have found significant differences in helmet use between drivers and passengers, as drivers are more likely to use a helmet than passengers (Bachani et al, 2012;Hung, Stevenson, & Ivers, 2006;Oxley, O'Hern, & Jamaludin, 2018). Due to these differences, helmet use is listed separately for drivers and passengers for some of the countries in the GSRRS, with the goal to paint a more accurate picture of helmet use in a given country (World Health Organization, 2015).…”

Section: Factors Influencing Helmet Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of motorcycle helmet use – A naturalistic observation study in Myanmar

Siebert

Albers

Naing

et al. 2019

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Developing countries are subject to increased motorization, particularly in the number of motorcycles. As helmet use is critical to the safety of motorcycle riders, the goal of this study was to identify observable patterns of helmet use, which allow a more accurate assessment of helmet use in developing countries. In a video based observation study, 124,784 motorcycle riders were observed at seven observation sites throughout Myanmar. Recorded videos were coded for helmet use, number of riders on the motorcycle, rider position, gender, and time of day. Generally, motorcycle helmet use in Myanmar was found to be low with only 51.5% percent of riders wearing a helmet. Helmet use was highest for drivers (68.1%) and decreased for every additional passenger. It was lowest for children standing on the floorboard of the motorcycle (11.3%). During the day, helmet use followed a unimodal distribution, with the highest use observed during the late morning and lowest use observed in the early morning and late afternoon. Helmet use varied significantly between observation sites, ranging from 74.8% in Mandalay to 26.9% in Pakokku. In Mandalay, female riders had a higher helmet use than male riders, and helmet use decreased drastically on a national holiday in the city.Helmet use of motorcycle riders in Myanmar follows distinct patterns. Knowledge of these patterns can be used to design more precise helmet use evaluations and guide traffic law policy and police enforcement measures. Video based observation proved to be an efficient tool to collect helmet use data.

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“…This is not surprising, and the higher proportion of self-reported helmet use obtained through the KAP surveys may be due to a social desirability bias, whereby respondents feel they have to respond in a certain way to avoid being judged for “bad behavior” by the interviewer. 25,10 This is common for socially sensitive issues such as drink driving and might also be the case, as this study shows, for helmet use. 26 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…As described previously, 10 a total of six observation sites were selected in each of the five target provinces through a systematic multi-step process. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to select sites from all eligible locations to ensure that the selected sites were representative of each province.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in prevalence, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of helmet use in Cambodia: results from a two year study

Bachani¹,

Branching²,

Ear³

et al. 2013

Injury

Self Cite

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Introduction Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are a major cause of both morbidity and mortality globally. Relative to countries with similar economic patterns both within and outside of South-East Asia, Cambodia's road traffic fatality rate is high, with motorcyclists accounting for more than half of all fatalities as a result of head injuries. Despite the initiation of national motorcycle helmet legislation for Cambodian drivers in 2009, helmet use among both drivers and passengers remains low. Methods This study adopted a two-pronged approach to assess the current status of and knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) towards helmet use among drivers and passengers in five provinces in Cambodia. The objective was to better understand helmet use over a two year period since the introduction of the 2009 legislation. Researchers conducted both (1) direct observation of daytime and nighttime helmet use (January 2011–January 2013) and (2) roadside KAP interviews with motorcyclists (November 2010–November 2012). Results The observed helmet rate across all study sites was 33% during nighttime and 48% during daytime, with proportions up to ten times higher among drivers compared with passengers. Self-reported helmet use was higher than observed use. Within the past 30 days, 60% of respondents reported that they “always” wore a helmet when they were drivers while only 24% reported they “always” wore a helmet as a passenger. Reported barriers for use among drivers included: “driving route”, “forgetfulness”, and “inconvenience/discomfort.” Conclusion Despite awareness of the protective value of helmets, motorcycle helmet use rates remain low in Cambodia. Many misconceptions remain in Cambodia regarding helmet use, including that they are unnecessary for short distance or at low speeds. These serve as an important barrier to helmet use, which, if dispelled and coupled with visible and regular enforcement, may significantly reduce the number of motorcycle-related injuries and fatalities.

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Helmet Use Among Motorcyclists in Cambodia: A Survey of Use, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices

Cited by 41 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of free distribution of safety equipment on usage among motorcycle–taxi drivers in Tanzania—A cluster randomised controlled trial

Effect of free distribution of safety equipment on usage among motorcycle–taxi drivers in Tanzania—A cluster randomised controlled trial

Patterns of motorcycle helmet use – A naturalistic observation study in Myanmar

Trends in prevalence, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of helmet use in Cambodia: results from a two year study

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