Helminth parasites found in faecal samples of phocids from the Antarctic Peninsula

Rengifo-Herrera, Claudia; Ferre, Ignacio; Ortega‐Mora, Luis Miguel; Rojo-Montejo, Silvia; García-Párraga, Daniel; Pereira-Bueno, J.; Pedraza-Dı́az, Susana

doi:10.1007/s00300-014-1469-y

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This is in contrast to other studies examining mountain hares (Irvin, 1970) or other mammals (e.g. Rengifo-Herrera et al, 2014; Moleón et al, 2015; Santana Lima et al, 2018) recording much higher parasitic incidence (≥73%) in faecal samples. Perhaps, parasite prevalence is lower in faeces of this Alpine species because hare densities in the Alps are low (estimated 0.5–5 hares/km 2 , Couturier, 1981; Bouche, 1989) and parasite load increases with higher host densities (Cremer et al, 2007; Kappeler et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal parasite infestation in the alpine mountain hare (Lepus timidus varronis): Are abiotic environmental factors such as elevation, temperature and precipitation affecting prevalence of parasite species?

Schai-Braun

Posautz

Alves

et al. 2019

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Information concerning factors regulating Alpine mountain hare ( Lepus timidus varronis ) populations such as host-parasite interactions is missing as only a few parasitological surveys exist of this subspecies. Parasites are not only dependent on their host but also on suitable environmental conditions for infestation. Abiotic environmental factors have an important regulating role on parasites in mammals. It is estimated that the elevation range of parasites is likely to shift in response to alternate host movement and changes in climate. Here we assess the parasitic infestation in the Alpine mountain hare by analysing the parasites in faeces and comparing the parasite infestation at different elevation ranges and at varied weather conditions for two years in the Austrian Alps. Almost half of the faecal samples were free of parasites (46.2%, n = 52). Most frequent was the infection by Coccidia (46.2%), whereas stomach intestine strongylids, Trichuris spp, and Cestoda were only found in 9.6% of all faeces. Hence, only Coccidia may be prevalent enough to regulate Alpine mountain hare populations in the Austrian Alps. Elevation had a significant positive effect on the infection of animals by Trichuris spp, whereas temperature had a significant negative effect on the infection by any parasite traceable in faeces and, when looking at the parasite groups individually, on Coccidia.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal parasite infestation in the alpine mountain hare (Lepus timidus varronis): Are abiotic environmental factors such as elevation, temperature and precipitation affecting prevalence of parasite species?

Schai-Braun

Posautz

Alves

et al. 2019

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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“…In the present work, we got parasites from fecal samples. As was reported by Rengifo-Herrera et al (2014) [30], we also found some helminth parasites. Remarkably, the studies on host-parasite association in Antarctic phocids are still poor and scarce.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Morphological and molecular updates of Corynosoma bullosum (Linstow, 1892) Raulliet & Henry, 1907 parasitizing southern elephant seals from the Antarctic Peninsula

Soto

Rodrı́guez

Leonardi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Previous descriptions of Corynosoma bullosum (Linstow, 1892) Railliet & Henry, 1907 show that the specimens vary greatly for the proportions of the different structures of the body, measurements of females and males, number of rows of hooks, egg measurements, among others. Here, we redescribe this species from specimens found in the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) feces, from 25 de Mayo/King George Island. We also provide a molecular characterization, in addition to 5.8s and ITS existing sequences.Results: We examined feces collected from 41 elephants in 2016 and 2018. We found 30 adult acanthocephalans in 15 of them (19 females and 11 males). The specimens were identified as belonging to the genus Corynosoma due to the tubular body with an inflated anterior part forming a thorny disk and the posterior part bearing somatic spines on the ventral surface, and genital spines surrounding the genital pore. The morphology of the individuals corresponded to C. bullosum: large size, marked sexual dimorphism (females 13.7-20.0mm and males 9.5-13.6mm in length), and proboscis with 16-18 rows of spines with 11-15 spines per row (8-12 apical and 3-4 basal). The molecular profile of two specimens of C. bullosum was analysed using cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI). Finally, we inferred phylogenetic relationships of the family Polymorphidae using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI).Conclusions: We provided an updated morphological redescription for C. bullosum including electron microscopy photographs and molecular data. We also present a summary table showing the great morphological variation of the species. The COI gene sequences revealed that C. bullosum has low genetic variation and that this species is more closely related to Andracantha sigma than to the genus Corynosoma. Our analyses show that it is necessary to perform a phylogenetic study of the family Polymorphidae including all the species.

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“…Leptonychotes weddellii have a more circumpolar distribution, making foraging trips up north with expanding ice pack during the winter, and with some wandering as far as New Zealand, South Australia and South America. Finally, Arctocephalus gazella usually wander in non-breeding season to Weddell Sea, Argentina coast, and some groups have been reported in Juan Fernandez Island (Chile) 52 , 53 . Surveillance studies are needed to know the evolution of those EPEC/ExPEC clonal groups within the normal pinniped microbiota as well as their possible transmission to other animals within the Antarctic niches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of human-associated Escherichia coli clonal groups in Antarctic pinnipeds: presence of ST73, ST95, ST141 and ST131

Mora

Alonso

Pedraza-Dı́az

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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There is growing concern about the spreading of human microorganisms in relatively untouched ecosystems such as the Antarctic region. For this reason, three pinniped species (Leptonychotes weddellii, Mirounga leonina and Arctocephalus gazella) from the west coast of the Antartic Peninsula were analysed for the presence of Escherichia spp. with the recovery of 158 E. coli and three E. albertii isolates. From those, 23 harboured different eae variants (α1, β1, β2, ε1, θ1, κ, ο), including a bfpA-positive isolate (O49:H10-A-ST206, eae-k) classified as typical enteropathogenic E. coli. Noteworthy, 62 of the 158 E. coli isolates (39.2%) exhibited the ExPEC status and 27 (17.1%) belonged to sequence types (ST) frequently occurring among urinary/bacteremia ExPEC clones: ST12, ST73, ST95, ST131 and ST141. We found similarities >85% within the PFGE-macrorrestriction profiles of pinniped and human clinic O2:H6-B2-ST141 and O16:H5/O25b:H4-B2-ST131 isolates. The in silico analysis of ST131 Cplx genomes from the three pinnipeds (five O25:H4-ST131/PST43-fimH22-virotype D; one O16:H5-ST131/PST506-fimH41; one O25:H4-ST6252/PST9-fimH22-virotype D1) identified IncF and IncI1 plasmids and revealed high core-genome similarities between pinniped and human isolates (H22 and H41 subclones). This is the first study to demonstrate the worrisome presence of human-associated E. coli clonal groups, including ST131, in Antarctic pinnipeds.

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Helminth parasites found in faecal samples of phocids from the Antarctic Peninsula

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Gastrointestinal parasite infestation in the alpine mountain hare (Lepus timidus varronis): Are abiotic environmental factors such as elevation, temperature and precipitation affecting prevalence of parasite species?

Gastrointestinal parasite infestation in the alpine mountain hare (Lepus timidus varronis): Are abiotic environmental factors such as elevation, temperature and precipitation affecting prevalence of parasite species?

Morphological and molecular updates of Corynosoma bullosum (Linstow, 1892) Raulliet & Henry, 1907 parasitizing southern elephant seals from the Antarctic Peninsula

Impact of human-associated Escherichia coli clonal groups in Antarctic pinnipeds: presence of ST73, ST95, ST141 and ST131

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Helminth parasites found in faecal samples of phocids from the Antarctic Peninsula

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Gastrointestinal parasite infestation in the alpine mountain hare (Lepus timidus varronis): Are abiotic environmental factors such as elevation, temperature and precipitation affecting prevalence of parasite species?

Gastrointestinal parasite infestation in the alpine mountain hare (Lepus timidus varronis): Are abiotic environmental factors such as elevation, temperature and precipitation affecting prevalence of parasite species?

Morphological and molecular updates of Corynosoma bullosum (Linstow, 1892) Raulliet &amp; Henry, 1907 parasitizing southern elephant seals from the Antarctic Peninsula

Impact of human-associated Escherichia coli clonal groups in Antarctic pinnipeds: presence of ST73, ST95, ST141 and ST131

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Morphological and molecular updates of Corynosoma bullosum (Linstow, 1892) Raulliet & Henry, 1907 parasitizing southern elephant seals from the Antarctic Peninsula