Helminth parasites of the red fox<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>(L., 1758) and the wolf<i>Canis lupus italicus</i>Altobello, 1921 in Emilia-Romagna, Italy

Fiocchi, Alfredo; Gustinelli, Andrea; Gelmini, Luca; Rugna, Gianluca; Renzi, M.; Fontana, Maria Cristina; Poglayen, Giovanni

doi:10.1080/11250003.2016.1249966

Cited by 41 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…One exception of the nematodes studied herein is Trichuris vulpis, which was observed only in the caecum, suggesting that this the preferred site of occurrence. Similar prevalence was obtained by Fiocchi et al(27), in the caecum of seven foxes (12.3%).Uncinaria stenocephala most commonly occurs with Toxocara canis (J = 14.2%) or Toxascaris leonina (J = 9.7%). Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina were found to co-occur in only 14 foxes (J = 3.8%).This may indicate that these two species of parasites share an antagonistic relationship or are in competition with each other.…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

“…Given appropriate temperature and humidity conditions, the eggs are known to remain invasive for at least a year (44). Otranto and Deplazes (45) note that Toxocara canis infections are generally higher in young foxes (under 6 months of age), although, a relatively high prevalence rate have also been among adult foxes in endemic territories, representing weak immune status against intestinal.Higher prevalence of Toxocara canis than Toxascaris leonina has also been found in other countries, including Denmark (59.4% and 0.6%) (40), Italy (52.6% and 0%)(27), Slovakia (25.8% and 17.5%)(46) and Kyrgyzstan (30.4% and 5.9%) (47). However, a higher prevalence of Toxascaris leonina than Toxocara canis has been found in some countries, including Sweden (respectively 65.0% and 30.0%)(39), Turkey (65.0% and 20.0%)(48), Greenland (41.8% and 0.0%)(49) and Norway (12.9% and 1.6%)(38).…”

mentioning

confidence: 75%

“…In Europe, the most commonly found gastrointestinal nematode in foxes is Uncinaria stenocephala (3,26,27,28,29). Indeed, Uncinaria stenocephala was also found to be the most prevalent species in…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of intestinal nematodes of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in north-west Poland

Tylkowska

Pilarczyk

Tomza–Marciniak

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a widely distributed animal in the world. This wild carnivore is also a common host of several dangerous zoonotic parasites, primarily nematodes. Nematodes of red foxes, such as Toxocara canis and Uncinaria stenocephala, can cause numerous health problems in humans and domesticated animals. The aim of the study was to determine the parameters of occurrence of nematodes in red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in north-western Poland. Methods: The study was carried out in north-western Poland. The research material consisted of 620 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Parasitological sections of the foxes were taken using the sedimentation and counting technique.Results: The prevalence of infestations with nematodes was 77.3%, while the mean infection intensity was 20.1 per animal. The presence of Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Uncinaria stenocephala and Trichuris vulpis was noted. The greatest prevalence was presented by Uncinaria stenocephala (34.0%). Male and female foxes displayed a similar prevalence of nematodes. Their presence was recorded in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caecum of the foxes, and they were significantly more common in the jejunum than in other parts. The most commonly-observed coinfection was between Uncinaria stenocephala and Toxocara canis. Conclusions: It can be seen that nematodes are present in high numbers among foxes in north-western Poland. This phenomenon certainly contributes to an increased risk of transmission of parasites to humans and domestic animals, and this can represent a threat to health and even life.

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confidence: 85%

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confidence: 75%

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Prevalence of intestinal nematodes of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in north-west Poland

Tylkowska

Pilarczyk

Tomza–Marciniak

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Brachylaemus sp. is known to occur in dogs from northern Spain (Guisantes et al 1994;Benito et al 2003), red foxes from Italy (Fiocchi et al 2016) and Tunisian wild boars (Lahmar, 2012). In these few reports, canids serving as definitive hosts of brachylaimid digeneans show consistently low burdens with very few parasites per host, which is similar to the prevalence rate (0·36%) reported in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal helminths of stray dogs from Tunisia with special reference to zoonotic infections

Lahmar¹,

Arfa²,

Othmen³

et al. 2017

Parasitology Open

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Sixteen intestinal helminth species were recovered from 271 necropsied stray dogs during a survey undertaken in Raoued and Soukra, two northeastern rural regions of Tunisia. Recorded parasites included trematodes (Brachylaemus sp., Phagicola italica, Heterophyes heterophyes), cestodes (Echinococcus granulosus, Dipylidium caninum, Diplopylidium noelleri, Mesocestoides lineatus, Mesocestoides litteratus, Taenia hydatigena, Taenia pisiformis, Taenia multiceps), nematodes (Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala, Trichuris vulpis) and one acanthocephalan Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus. This is the first record of Brachylaemus sp., P. italica, H. heterophyes, D. noelleri and M. hirudinaceus in dogs from Tunisia. Echinococcus granulosus was found in 5·16% of dogs with a higher intensity of infection recorded in younger animals (303 worms/infected dog). Molecular analysis confirmed E. granulosus sensu stricto as the cause of canine echinococcosis. This epidemiological study investigating the status of intestinal helminths of dogs recorded a prevalence of 98·89% and a mean intensity of 87·62 worms per infected dog and confirmed the infection of 95·14% of dogs with helminths of potential zoonotic concern. Results of this study emphasize the need to interrupt parasite transmission using preventive approaches in zoonoses control programmes mainly against cystic echinococcosis, as well as reducing transmission to other animals by regular dog dosing treatments and proper management of dog populations.

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“…Italy has never o cially reported a con rmed autochthonous case in humans, but at the end of the nineteenth century, human cases were recorded in Pusteria valley and from Bressanone, in Bolzano province (48, cited in 21). Besides E. multilocularis, the other species of cestodes identi ed in our study constitute part of the typical parasite fauna of red foxes in Italy (22,(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56). The differences of prevalence with respect to other Italian and European regions are likely to be modulated by the distribution and abundance of the local intermediate hosts (57,58).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Echinococcus Multilocularis and other Cestodes in Red Foxes (Vulpes Vulpes) of Northeast Italy, 2012-2018

Obber

Trevisiol

Dellamaria

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background Echinococcus multilocularis is a small tapeworm affecting wild and domestic carnivores and voles in a typical prey-predator life cycle. In Italy, a focus of E. multilocularis has been in existence since 1997 in the northern Italian Alps, later confirmed in foxes collected from 2001 to 2005. In this study, we report the results of seven years of monitoring on E. multilocularis and other cestodes and describe the changes occurred over time and among areas showing different environmental and ecological features (eco-regions). Methods Eggs of cestodes were isolated from faeces of 2,872 foxes with a sedimentation/filtration technique. The cestode species was determined through multiplex PCR, targeting and sequencing ND1 and 12S genes. Results Overall, 217 (7.55%) samples resulted positive for cestode eggs at coproscopy, with differences of prevalence according to year and sampling area. Eight species of cestodes were identified, with Taenia crassiceps (2.6%), Taenia polyacantha (2%) and E. multilocularis (1%) as the species most represented. The other species, Mesocestoides litteratus, Taenia krabbei, T. serialis, T. taeniaeformis and Dipylidium caninum, accounted for less than 1% altogether. Echinococcus multilocularis was identified in foxes from two out of six eco-regions, in 30 faecal samples, accounting for 1.4% within the cestode positives at coproscopy. All E. multilocularis isolates came from Bolzano province. Prevalence of cestodes, both collectively and for each of the three most represented species (T. crassiceps, T. polyacantha and E. multilocularis) varied based on the sampling year, and for E. multilocularis an apparent increasing trend across the last few years was evidenced. Conclusions Our study confirms the presence of a low prevalence focus of E. multilocularis in red foxes of northeast Italy. Although this focus seems still spatially limited, given its persistence and apparent increasing prevalence through the years, we recommend that future work deepen the ecological factors allowing persistence of this zoonotic species at a smaller scale. On the same scale, we recommend an informative campaign on how to behave to avoid contamination, targeted at people living in the area, especially hunters, dog owners, forestry workers and other categories at risk.

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Helminth parasites of the red foxVulpes vulpes(L., 1758) and the wolfCanis lupus italicusAltobello, 1921 in Emilia-Romagna, Italy

Cited by 41 publications

References 43 publications

Prevalence of intestinal nematodes of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in north-west Poland

Prevalence of intestinal nematodes of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in north-west Poland

Intestinal helminths of stray dogs from Tunisia with special reference to zoonotic infections

Echinococcus Multilocularis and other Cestodes in Red Foxes (Vulpes Vulpes) of Northeast Italy, 2012-2018

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