Helminths and Intestinal Flora Team Up to Improve Gut Health

Giacomin, Paul; Khudhair, Zainab; Loukas, Alex

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2016.05.006

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…IBD primarily encompasses ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) (41). IBD pathogenesis is thought to involve dysregulation in mucosal immunity (42) and defects at the mucosal barrier, particularly a “leaky” intestinal epithelial barrier with impaired tight-junction formation can cause mucosal inflammation secondary to luminal antigen uptake (43, 44). While both diseases are forms of IBD, the autoimmune T cell responses exhibit different biology (45).…”

Section: Animal Models Of Helminth Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminth Immunomodulation in Autoimmune Disease

et al. 2017

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Helminths have evolved to become experts at subverting immune surveillance. Through potent and persistent immune tempering, helminths can remain undetected in human tissues for decades. Redirecting the immunomodulating “talents” of helminths to treat inflammatory human diseases is receiving intensive interest. Here, we review therapies using live parasitic worms, worm secretions, and worm-derived synthetic molecules to treat autoimmune disease. We review helminth therapy in both mouse models and clinical trials and discuss what is known on mechanisms of action. We also highlight current progress in characterizing promising new immunomodulatory molecules found in excretory/secretory products of helminths and their potential use as immunotherapies for acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.

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Section: Animal Models Of Helminth Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminth Immunomodulation in Autoimmune Disease

et al. 2017

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“…The significant role of gastrointestinal (GI) microflora in digestion, absorption, health, productivity and other physiological functions has been well recognized (Pourabedin and Zhao, 2015), moreover the intestinal microflora may also protect hosts from pathogens (Waite and Taylor, 2014) and inflammatory bowel diseases to improve gut health (Giacomin et al, 2016); also Lin et al (2016) studied that intestinal microbiota were necessary for transformation of flavonoids to provide health benefits for the prevention and treatment of some types of chronic diseases. Therefore, it is very relevant to assay the composition of the GI microflora (Barbosa et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Variations in Intestinal Microflora of Free-Range and Caged Hens

et al. 2017

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Free range feeding pattern puts the chicken in a mixture of growth materials and enteric bacteria excreted by nature, while it is typically unique condition materials and enteric bacteria in commercial caged hens production. Thus, the gastrointestinal microflora in two feeding patterns could be various. However, it remains poorly understood how feeding patterns affect development and composition of layer hens’ intestinal microflora. In this study, the effect of feeding patterns on the bacteria community in layer hens’ gut was investigated using free range and caged feeding form. Samples of whole small intestines and cecal digesta were collected from young hens (8-weeks) and mature laying hens (30-weeks). Based on analysis using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing of bacterial 16S rDNA gene amplicons, the microflora of all intestinal contents were affected by both feeding patterns and age of hens. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria were the main components. Additionally, uncultured environmental samples were found too. There were large differences between young hens and adult laying hens, the latter had more Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and bacterial community is more abundant in 30-weeks laying hens of all six phyla than 8-weeks young hens of only two phyla. In addition, the differences were also observed between free range and caged hens. Free range hens had richer Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. Most of strains found were detected more abundant in small intestines than in cecum. Also the selected Lactic acid bacteria from hens gut were applied in feed and they had beneficial effects on growth performance and jejunal villus growth of young broilers. This study suggested that feeding patterns have an importance effect on the microflora composition of hens, which may impact the host nutritional status and intestinal health.

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“…Various factors such as foodborne pathogens may disturb the intestinal balance, leading to infectious diseases and diarrhea, which eventually influence the overall health (Giacomin et al, 2016). In recent years, nutritional intervention has become a new trend to maintain intestinal homeostasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 Induces Autophagy to Protect against Pathogens in Macrophages

Wang

Zou

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

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Probiotics are increasingly applied in popularity in both humans and animals. Decades of research has revealed their beneficial effects, including the immune modulation in intestinal pathogens inhibition. Autophagy—a cellular process that involves the delivery of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles to the lysosome for degradation and recirculation—is essential to protect cells against bacterial pathogens. However, the mechanism of probiotics-mediated autophagy and its role in the elimination of pathogens are still unknown. Here, we evaluated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 (Ba)-induced autophagy and its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) in murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells. Western blotting and confocal laser scanning analysis showed that Ba activated autophagy in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Ba-induced autophagy was found to play a role in the elimination of intracellular bacteria when RAW264.7 cells were challenged with E. coli. Ba induced autophagy by increasing the expression of Beclin1 and Atg5-Atg12-Atg16 complex, but not the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, Ba pretreatment attenuated the activation of JNK in RAW264.7 cells during E. coli infection, further indicating a protective role for probiotics via modulating macrophage immunity. The above findings highlight a novel mechanism underlying the antibacterial activity of probiotics. This study enriches the current knowledge on probiotics-mediated autophagy, and provides a new perspective on the prevention of bacterial infection in intestine, which further the application of probiotics in food products.

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Helminths and Intestinal Flora Team Up to Improve Gut Health

Cited by 30 publications

References 9 publications

Helminth Immunomodulation in Autoimmune Disease

Helminth Immunomodulation in Autoimmune Disease

Age-Related Variations in Intestinal Microflora of Free-Range and Caged Hens

Probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 Induces Autophagy to Protect against Pathogens in Macrophages

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