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Colombo, Francesca; Llena‐Nozal, Ana; Mercier, Jérôme; Tjadens, Frits

doi:10.1787/9789264097759-en

Cited by 886 publications

(638 citation statements)

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“…Co-residential care, as well as extra-residential help/ care, is fundamentally carried out by retired individuals. This result is corroborated, in part, by the conclusions of other studies that point to the fact that individuals who give co-residential care and intensive care are less likely to be employed (Colombo et al 2011;Glendinning et al 2009), given the difficulty of combining caregiving with pursuing a professional activity. However, the same studies conclude that, in contrast to the results obtained for Portugal, the extra-residential helpers/carers tend to be individuals of working age who are employed or unemployed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…The majority of them cannot afford to pay for formal care, which is nevertheless insufficient in view of the population's needs (Portugal 2008). Formal care provided at home merely responds to basic necessities, such as food and hygiene, but does not help in solving problems of a more multidimensional nature (Carvalho 2012). Furthermore, the link between formal and informal care is weak (Santana et al 2007), in spite of the existing legislation pointing to their integration.…”

Section: The Portuguese Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the link between formal and informal care is weak (Santana et al 2007), in spite of the existing legislation pointing to their integration. Portuguese informal carers are overburdened with instrumental tasks, which limit their social inclusion and participation, confining them to the household (Carvalho 2012). …”

Section: The Portuguese Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scientific studies also show that informal support has different characteristics across European countries. In the South, informal support mainly involves support for activities of daily living (ADL) (informal care) and is characterized by being very frequent (daily frequency), whilst in Northern countries, informal support covers instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) (informal help) and happens in a more sporadic way (Colombo et al 2011;OECD 2013). Informal support also tends to differ in terms of location.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the contrary, carers who provide extra-residential care rate their own health status as ''good'' (Barrow and Harrison 2005, p 295). Carers, when compared with non-carers, are at greater risk of depression (Herrera et al 2013), especially if they care for individuals they live with and/or if they provide care intensively (Colombo et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Informal support in Portugal by individuals aged 50+

Barbosa

Matos

2014

Eur J Ageing

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In Portugal, individuals aged 50? have an important role in the provision of co-residential care. This study aimed to rank Portugal relative to 15 European countries with regard to the prevalence of co-residential care (daily or almost daily personal care), and extra-residential help/care (household help and/or personal care) provided by individuals aged 50?, and determine the factors associated with the provision of these types of support in the Portuguese context. The study used data from the SHARE wave 4 project (2010)(2011) and was based on an analysis of variance and logistic regression models. Portugal differs from other European countries, as it has the highest rate of coresidential care (12.4 %) and the lowest rate of provision of extra-residential help/care (10.8 %). It is concluded that the quality of life (QoL) of Portuguese co-residential carers is lower than the QoL of non-carers, but extra-residential help/ care provided once a month or less has a positive impact on the QoL of the providers. Co-residential care and the provision of frequent extra-residential help/care (daily or weekly) were associated with a higher number of depressive symptoms. The results further showed that, in Portugal, coresidential carers and extra-residential helpers/carers have different socio-demographic, economic and health characteristics. This study demonstrates that it is important for scientific research to differentiate the type and frequency of informal support, since this can help us design policies to meet the specific needs of the various types of informal carers aged 50?.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: The Portuguese Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Portuguese Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Informal support in Portugal by individuals aged 50+

Barbosa

Matos

2014

Eur J Ageing

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Integrating the retirement income system and aged care funding in Australia: An Aged Care Levy as a social insurance option

Howe

Spies-Butcher

2021

Aust J Social Issues

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Retirement incomes and aged care have both received considerable policy attention in Australia over the last three decades, but as in other countries, the two financing systems have remained largely separate in policy and practice. The problem is located at the intersection of wider policy debates about shifts from public to private welfare and concerns over intergenerational equity. This paper aims to integrate these related debates by incorporating aged care into the "pillars" framework used to understand retirement incomes. We propose an Aged Care Superannuation Levy applied to superannuation fund earnings, winding back the large and growing public tax concessions that support this pillar of private defined contribution pensions in Australia's retirement income system. This revenue would create a social insurance pillar for aged care to stand alongside the four other pillars of retirement incomes that interact variously with aged care financing. Interest in a social insurance pillar of aged care financing is renewed in the light of the Royal Commission into quality and safety of aged care that reported in February 2021. As the Royal Commission recommendations on financing were divided and not | 389 HOWE and SPIES-BUTCHER | I N T RODUC T IONIn Australia as elsewhere, government attention to the policy and fiscal challenges posed by population ageing has grown steadily over the last 30 years. Major reforms in the retirement income system and aged care over the decade from 1985 to 1995 were recognised internationally: Australia's "pillars" approach to retirement incomes was advocated as a model for other countries by the World Bank in its 1994 report Averting the Old Age Crisis, and Australia's experience in reforming aged care was one of nine OECD countries covered in the report "Caring for frail elderly people" (OECD, 1996).But while the World Bank report noted that healthcare and pension systems are strongly interrelated, and that the availability of subsidised healthcare lowered the cost of pensions, it did not further consider how financing of pensions and long-term aged care could be linked. Similarly, the major initiatives in long-term care social insurance in Japan and Germany detailed in the 1996 OECD report, and subsequent schemes in other countries, have been funded from additional taxes and other sources, including additional social insurance contributions specifically for aged care, and have not been integrated with pension systems.This paper aims to bridge this gap in policy thinking by bringing superannuation into an analysis of Australia's arrangements for financing aged care as well as retirement incomes. As well as bringing shifts between public and private welfare into policy focus, the paper raises implications for rebalancing intergenerational equity.

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Carers for older people with co‐morbid cognitive impairment in general hospital: characteristics and psychological well‐being

Bradshaw

Goldberg

Schneider

et al. 2012

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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ObjectiveThis analysis sought to describe the characteristics and well-being of carers of older people with mental health problems admitted to a general hospital.MethodsGeneral medical and trauma orthopaedic patients aged 70 years or older admitted to an acute general teaching hospital were screened for mental health problems. Those screened positive, together with a carer, were invited to undergo further assessment with a battery of health status measurements. Carers were interviewed to ascertain strain (caregiver strain index (CSI)), psychological distress (12-item General Health Questionnaire) and quality of life (EQ-5D).ResultsWe recruited 250 patients to the study, of whom 180 were cognitively impaired and had carers willing to take part. After 6 months, 57 patients (32%) had died, and we followed up 100 carers. Carers' own health, in terms of mobility, usual activities, and anxiety, was poor in a third of cases. At the time of admission, high carer strain was common (42% with CSI ≥ 7), particularly among co-resident carers (55%). High levels of behavioural and psychiatric symptoms at baseline were associated with more carer strain and distress. At follow-up, carer strain and distress had reduced only slightly, with no difference in outcomes for carers of patients who moved from the community to a care home.ConclusionHospital staff should be alert to sources of carer strain and offer carers practical advice and emotional support. Interventions are required to prevent and manage behavioural and psychiatric symptoms at the time of acute physical illness or to alleviate their effects on carers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Cited by 886 publications

References 0 publications

Informal support in Portugal by individuals aged 50+

Informal support in Portugal by individuals aged 50+

Integrating the retirement income system and aged care funding in Australia: An Aged Care Levy as a social insurance option

Carers for older people with co‐morbid cognitive impairment in general hospital: characteristics and psychological well‐being

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