Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Coronavirus Infection in Pigs, Argentina

Quiroga, María Alejandra; Cappuccio, Javier Alejandro; Piñeyro, Pablo; Basso, Walter; Moré, Gastón; Kienast, Mariana Eva; Schonfeld, Sergio; Cancer, Jose L.; Arauz, Sandra; Pintos, María Eugenia; Nanni, Mariana; Machuca, Mariana Alejandra; Hirano, Norio; Perfumo, Carlos Juan

doi:10.3201/eid1403.070825

Cited by 56 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…PHEV is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA coronavirus belonging to the family Coronaviridae, genus Betacoronavirus. The virus is 1 of 5 known porcine CoVs causing disease in swine and is considered endemic worldwide, where it maintains itself by successively infecting groups of animals after replacement or weaning (2,3 encephalomyelitis (4,5). Upper respiratory tract and pulmonary lesions have rarely been described (6); however, the primary route of PHEV infection is through upper respiratory tract epithelium.…”

Section: The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus and Respiratory Disease in Exhibition Swine, Michigan, USA, 2015

Lorbach¹,

Wang²,

Nolting³

et al. 2017

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Section: The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus and Respiratory Disease in Exhibition Swine, Michigan, USA, 2015

Lorbach¹,

Wang²,

Nolting³

et al. 2017

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Even if an infected pig survives the diseaseassociated immunopathology or the toxicity of the drug treatment, PHE can acutely affect its growth. Increasing research attention has been focused on PHE because infection rates have increased in some countries [31][32][33][34] . PHE is caused by PHE-CoV, a virus that has only one known strain and is the only known CoV that is neurotropic in pigs [25,35,36] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Inhibition of Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus Replication with siRNAs Targeting the Spike Glycoprotein and Replicase Polyprotein Genes

Lan

Zhao

et al. 2011

Intervirology

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Objective: The specific effect of RNA interference on the replication of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHE-CoV) was explored. Methods: Four species of small interfering RNA (siRNA), targeting different regions of the PHE-CoV spike glycoprotein and replicase polyprotein genes, were prepared by in vitro transcription. After transfection of PK-15 cells with each of the siRNAs followed by infection with PHE-CoV, the cytopathic effect (CPE) was examined by phase-contrast microscope, and viral proliferation within cells was examined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, hemagglutination (HA) test, TCID₅₀ assay and real-time RT-PCR. Results: Examination of CPE demonstrated that the four siRNAs were capable of protecting cells against PHE-CoV invasion with very high specificity and efficiency. At 48 h post-infection, only a few siRNA-treated cells were positive for viral antigen staining, whereas most untreated virus-infected cells were positive. Transfection with siRNAs also suppressed the production of infectious virus by up to 18- to 32-fold as assessed by a HA test and 93- to 494-fold as assessed by TCID₅₀ assay. Furthermore, treatment with siRNAs caused a 53–91% reduction in the viral genome copy number as assessed by real-time RT-PCR. Conclusion: These results suggested that the four species of siRNAs can efficiently inhibit PHE-CoV genome replication and infectious virus production.

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“…31 In August 2006, various pig farms in Argentina experienced outbreaks of this disease, leading to 1,226 swine deaths and a morbidity rate as high as 52.6% as well as a mortality rate of 16.9%. 28 In 2000, the occurrence of encephalomyelitis in piglets caused by PHEV on 3 farms in Jilin Province in China was reported, and such cases were characterized by high mortality (80.6%). 12 In 2007, PHEV occurred twice at pig farms in Jilin Province, with incidence rates among 20-day-old piglets as high as 100% and reported mortality rates of 48% and 100%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Immunochromatographic Strip for Serological Diagnosis of Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus

Chen

et al. 2011

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. An immunochromatographic strip was developed for the detection of an antibody against Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV). Colloidal gold-labeled rabbit anti-pig immunoglobulin G (IgG) was used as the detection reagent, and the PHEV recombinant antigens and goat anti-rabbit IgG were coated on the prototype strip and the control lines, respectively. The immunochromatographic strip was capable of specifically detecting PHEV antibodies in serum with a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer of 2 within 10 min. Storage of the strips at room temperature for 6 months or at 4uC for 12 months did not change their sensitivity and specificity. Using HI as a reference test, the relative specificity and sensitivity of the immunochromatographic strip were determined to be 93.41% and 98.42%, respectively. There was a strong agreement between the results obtained by HI and the immunochromatographic strips (k 5 0.926). Additionally, there was a strong agreement between enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatographic strips (k 5 0.929). When the immunochromatographic strip was used for serological diagnosis of 1,117 serum samples in Jilin Province in China, the seropositivity ranged from 6.5% in the Liaoyuan District to 81.6% in the Changchun District. Furthermore, many piglets were seropositive to PHEV, indicating the possible transfer of maternal antibodies via the colostrum. Based on the high specificity, sensitivity, and stability of the immunochromatographic strip, it would be suitable for on-site detection of PHEV antibodies in order to monitor PHEV infections in an animal population.

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Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Coronavirus Infection in Pigs, Argentina

Cited by 56 publications

References 6 publications

Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus and Respiratory Disease in Exhibition Swine, Michigan, USA, 2015

Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus and Respiratory Disease in Exhibition Swine, Michigan, USA, 2015

In vitro Inhibition of Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus Replication with siRNAs Targeting the Spike Glycoprotein and Replicase Polyprotein Genes

Development of an Immunochromatographic Strip for Serological Diagnosis of Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus

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