Hemagglutination by Human Anti-Leukocyte Serums

The AutoAnalyzer method of red blood cell antibody detection can be adapted to identify the serological specificity of these same antibodies. In the present study, 1,152 AA-positive sera obtained during AA screening were investigated. In 217 (19%) of these sera blood group antibodies were identified by manual techniques. Since the AA techniques are generally more sensitive than manual methods an attempt was made to identify antibodies by the AA methods in 823 sera which were negative manually. The low-ionic strength-Polybrene (LISP) method was found to be suitable for antibody identification because of its sensitivity in the detection of most red cell antibodies and the small technical deviations of OD from the base-line. The bromeline-methyl cellulose (BMC) technique is less sensitive and often more difficult to interpret in antibody identification. In some cases, however, this method was the only one that gave positive reactions. In 214 instances antibodies were identified by the AA techniques, about half of which were anti-D’s, the others being RBC antibodies of more or less rare varieties. The relative frequency of these rare antibodies was higher in the group of manual-negative sera, 47 versus 21%, normally found. Positive identification but no clear-cut blood type antibody was found in 155 cases (19%). Indications were obtained that some of the reactions were due to HL-A antibodies. Antibodies to HL-A7 and HL-A5 were found to react with red cells. In addition the AA techniques seemed to be more sensitive to detect RBC autoantibodies than standard manual methods. However, the usefulness of the AA techniques for routine antibody identification is diminished by the relative slowness of the machine.

“…In 1967 Rosenfield et al [24] described the existence of leukocyte antigens 5 b on the red cells in humans. This was later confirmed by Lalezahi [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated Red Cell Antibody Analysis. A Parallel Study

Perrault¹,

Högman²

1971

“…Although lymphocytes will absorb the haemagglutinating antibody it has not been possible to determine whether the red cells will absorb the antibody reacting with lymphocytes. Rosenfield et al [10] reported that 4 absorptions of the anti-5b serum with red cells only reduced the antibody titre by 25% and suggested that this was due to the presence of extremely few antigenic sites on the red cells. Harris and Zerwas [6] claim that some of the HL-A antigens are present on reticulocytes and have disappeared from mature red cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clarkson and Gorer [3] found an incomplete haemagglutinin in the serum of a patient who had received a skin graft which did not correspond to any red cell group. The use of the Auto Analyser enabled Rosenfield, Rubenstein, Lalezari, Dausset and van Rood [10] to find haemagglutinins in all of 26 human sera containing leucocyte antibodies. However, in only 2 sera of type anti-5b was the haemagglutinin of the same specificity as the white cell antibody.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Correlation of the Bga Blood Group with the HL-A7 Leucocyte Group: Demonstration of Antigenic Sites on Red Cells and Leucocytes

Morton¹,

Pickels²,

Sutton³

1969

Antigenic sites of Bg^a specificity have been demonstrated on leucocytes as well as on red cells. The Bg^a group shows almost complete concordance with the histocompatibility group HL-A7. Red cells show much less activity than leucocytes and did not absorb cytotoxic antibodies but leucocytes removed all haemagglutinating activity. RNAP reactions can be demonstrated by both haemagglutination and cytotoxic tests. In some instances multispecific cytotoxic antibodies may show a monospecific haemagglutinating component. Family studies showed that the HL-A groups may influence the Bg^a reaction of the red cells.

“…Blood units for transfusional use in recipients having developed such antibodies should therefore be selected by AA compatibility testing. In some cases, as noted by several authors [6,9], these sera may contain anti-Bg or other cross-reacting antibodies of the HL-A system. According to some early observations, we feel that at least part of these antibodies do not seem to have great clinical importance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

A Papain-Bromelin-Polybrene Four-Channel Autoanalyzer System for Blood Group Antibody Screening

Habibi¹,

Gerbal²,

Salmon³

1973

A papain-bromelin-polybrene antibody screening four-channel Autoanalyzer system was developed using basic flow charts. Use of four different test cells as well as four different techniques and accelerated sampling rate made possible adaptation of automated screening methods to the routine needs of a transfusion service. Parallel manual and Autoanalyzer assays of 22,912 sera during a 12-month period showed that performance of the apparatus was not outstanding with respect to some naturally occurring antibodies such as anti-Lewis, anti-P(1), anti-Lu^a and anti-M. On the contrary, manually missed weak immune antibodies were well detected by the apparatus which showed a high sensitivity as well for many cross-reacting and auto-antibodies. Parallel screening of sera by both the machine and a simplified manual technique (saline, Coombs) using appropriate red cells appear to be a practical and reliable antibodyscreening policy. The problem of identification of ‘Autoanalyzer-specific’ antibodies remains to be resolved in routine practice of transfusion laboratories.