Hemagglutinin stability as a key determinant of influenza A virus transmission via air

Tosheva, Ilona I; Saygan, Kain S; Mijnhardt, Suzanne MA; Russell, Charles J; Fraaij, Pieter LA; Herfst, Sander

doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101335

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…To initiate uncoating process and release the vRNP complexes into the cytosol, and then to the nucleus, the interior of the endosomes have a mildly acidic pH (pH 5-6) (Aganovic, 2023), causing protonation and resulting in a major conformational change in the viral HA, allowing the fusion of the HA2 subunit to fuse the membrane of the endosome with the membrane of the virus, resulting in the release of the viral genome into the cytoplasm of the infected cells (Di Lella et al, 2016). To this point, pH stabilization of HA is crucial for assessing viral host adaptation parameters including viral replication, pathogenesis, and transmissibility (Russell et al, 2018;Singanayagam et al, 2019;Aganovic, 2023;Tosheva et al, 2023). Moreover, HA stability has been recently investigated as a novel trait associated with the ability of IAVs to cross species barriers (Russell et al, 2018).…”

Section: Adaptive Substitutions In Hemagglutinin Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonosis and zooanthroponosis of emerging respiratory viruses

Khalil,

Martinez-Sobrido,

Mostafa

2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Lung infections in Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) are triggered by a variety of respiratory viruses. All human pandemics have been caused by the members of two major virus families, namely Orthomyxoviridae (influenza A viruses (IAVs); subtypes H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2) and Coronaviridae (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS−CoV−2). These viruses acquired some adaptive changes in a known intermediate host including domestic birds (IAVs) or unknown intermediate host (SARS-CoV-2) following transmission from their natural reservoirs (e.g. migratory birds or bats, respectively). Verily, these acquired adaptive substitutions facilitated crossing species barriers by these viruses to infect humans in a phenomenon that is known as zoonosis. Besides, these adaptive substitutions aided the variant strain to transmit horizontally to other contact non-human animal species including pets and wild animals (zooanthroponosis). Herein we discuss the main zoonotic and reverse-zoonosis events that occurred during the last two pandemics of influenza A/H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2. We also highlight the impact of interspecies transmission of these pandemic viruses on virus evolution and possible prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. Based on information available and presented in this review article, it is important to close monitoring viral zoonosis and viral reverse zoonosis of pandemic strains within a One-Health and One-World approach to mitigate their unforeseen risks, such as virus evolution and resistance to limited prophylactic and therapeutic interventions.

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