Hematite nanoparticles decorated nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide/graphitic carbon nitride multifunctional heterostructure photocatalyst towards environmental applications

Abstract

The carcinogenic heavy metals and aromatic organic compounds linger as wastewater pollutants implying great menace to the ecological balance. To solve these environmental pollution problems, the photocatalytic process is an...

S-Doped rGO-Enwrapped Magnetically Porous NiFe2O4/CuS Heterojunction: An Efficient Z-Scheme Nano-Photocatalyst for Visible-Light-Driven Tetracycline Degradation and 4-Nitrophenol Reduction

“…To examine the potential growth of the GNFC nanocomposite and the progressive deposition of NiFe 2 O 4 and CuS on the surface of SrGO nanosheets, we performed FESEM measurements for GO, NiFe 2 O 4, CuS, GNF, and GNFC-13 (Figure ). It was noticed that the GO synthesized by the modified Hummers process has a transparent wrinkled sheet-like morphology (Figure a). , The FESEM image of NiFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles prepared by the solvothermal route depicted in Figure b demonstrated that the nanoparticles are predominantly spherical and porous in nature, with slight variation in sizes. On the other hand, the as-synthesized CuS was in the shape of highly dense spherical nanoparticles, as depicted in Figure c.…”

“…06-0464) . The XRD diffraction peak centered at 11.1° indexed as the (001) diffraction plane arising from the GO interlayer spacing . Beyond that, the characteristic peak of GO could not be detected in GNF, GC, and GNFC hybrid nanocomposites suggesting good exfoliation of GO during the solvothermal-reflux process, which was a result of disruption of the GO layer structure caused by the interlayer development of NiFe 2 O 4 and CuS crystals. , As shown in Figure S1, in the NFC nanocomposite both the characteristic diffraction peaks of NiFe 2 O 4 and CuS were observed, indicating the successful formation of the binary nanocomposite.…”

“…The pattern of GO shows a broad absorption band positioned at 3000–3700 cm –1 corresponding to O–H group stretching vibration and physically adsorbed H 2 O molecules. The strong signals at about 1717 and 1619 cm –1 correspond to the stretching mode of CO bonds and CC bonds, respectively, whereas the signals at 1396 and 1070 cm –1 originated from the bending vibration of C–OH and the stretching vibration of C–O bonds, respectively . For NiFe 2 O 4 , two strong absorption peaks at 599 and 396 cm –1 are ascribed to the characteristic stretching vibration of Fe–O bonds in the tetrahedron and M–O bonds in the octahedron, respectively .…”

“…The Raman spectra of the CuS displayed a strong and sharp band at ∼473 cm –1 corresponding to the S–S stretching modes of well-known A 1g symmetry, and a less prominent peak at 265 cm –1 attributed to the vibrational mode of the Cu–S bond of CuS with a hexagonal structure. , The periodicity of lattice atoms aligned in a particular direction is represented as a peak at 473 cm –1 , whose intensity is correlated with the size of the lattice in that direction . The Raman spectra of GO displayed two prominent characteristic peaks, the D band at ∼1350 cm –1 referred to defects and disorder of sp 3 hybridized carbon atoms in the hexagonal graphitic layers, and the G band at ∼1594 cm –1 referred to the vibration of sp 2 hybridized carbon atoms in the 2D hexagonal lattice. , As a result, the intensity ratio between the D and G bands ( I D / I G ) depicts the degree of disorder and defects present in the graphene domains’ crystal structure. The greater peak intensity ratio ( I D / I G ) value indicates that the produced carbon materials have numerous defects.…”

“…Concentrated H 2 SO 4 and KMnO 4 were used to oxidize graphite, and the resulting slurry was subsequently reacted with H 2 O 2 . Our prior reports have further information. − …”