Hemato-biochemical and Genetic Damage Caused by Triazophos in Fresh Water Fish, Labeo rohita

Abstract

Extensive use of pesticides in agriculture sector represents a major proportion of pollutants and poses serious threats to both environment and aquatic organisms. In the present study micronucleus assay and nuclear abnormalities were used as a biomarker to assess the cyto-genotoxic potential of different concentrations of triazophos insecticide in fresh water fish (Labeo rohita L.). For this purpose 16 fresh water fish of same age and weight were kept into four equal groups (A-D) having four each. All the fish were kept in aquaria with 75 L water capacity for six days for acclimatization. Various sub-lethal concentrations of organophosphate insecticide triazophos (0.010, 0.015 and 0.200 ppm) were tested. For hematological and cyto-genotoxic studies blood samples were collected from each fish after 48, 72 and 96 h of post-treatment. Duplicate thin blood smear was made from fresh blood of each fish. Results revealed that total erythrocyte count, pack cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, serum total proteins, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volume values were significantly (P<0.05) decreased, which indicated that fish were suffering from microcytic hypochromic anemia. Lymphocyte and monocyte values were also significantly decreased while leukocyte count was significantly increased. The results obtained by micronucleus assay showed significantly a higher frequency of erythrocyte with micronuclei, blebbed nuclei, lobed, notched, heteropicnotic nuclei, binucleated and pear shape erythrocyte. The serum analysis showed that the concentration of different enzymes and lipid peroxidation products were significantly increased in exposed fish. It can be concluded that triazophos poses adverse hemato-biochemical and DNA damage effects in aquatic organisms.

Striped catfish ( Pangasianodon hypophthalmus ) could be suitable for coastal aquaculture

“…Similarly, several ECA (echinocytic, elongated shape, fusion, teardrop shape and twin) were observed in blood smears of fish exposed to different salinities. These structural changes may be due to the increase of lipid peroxidation compounds in the erythrocytes (Bai et al, 2014;Ghaffar, Riaz, Ahrar, & Abbas, 2015). It is also well known that toxic substances damage the membrane shape, ion permeability and metabolism of cell, thus erythrocytes are structurally damaged (Sadiqul, Ferdous, Nannu, Mostakim, & Rahman, 2016).…”

Photocatalytic Degradation of Profenofos and Triazophos Residues in the Chinese Cabbage, Brassica chinensis, Using Ce-Doped TiO2

“…Triazophos P 19 -S 20 1.85680 N 3 -C 7 1.47000 P 19 -O 18 1.76000 C 7 -C 8 1.39516 P 19 -O 21 1.76000 C 7 -C 9 1.39483 P 19 -O 22 1.76000 C 8 -C 10 1.39471 O 18 -C 1 1.43000 C 9 -C 12 1.39514 C 1 -N 5 1.40175 C 10 -C 14 1.39543 C 1 -N 6 1.43487 C 12 -C 14 1.39483 C 2 -N 6 1.40185 O 21 -C 30 1.43000 C 2 -N 3 1.39180 O 22 -C 23 1.43000 N 3 -N 5 1.39180 C 30 -C 31 1.50025 C 23 -C 24 1.50025…”

“…Bond Bond Length (×10 −10 m) Bond Bond Length (×10 −10 m) Profenofos P 13 -O 14 1.45200 C 16 -C 17 1.50715 P 13 -O 26 1.76000 C 17 -C20 1.50713 P 13 -O 12 1.76000 O 26 -C 27 1.43000 P 13 -S 15 2.11000 C 27 -C 28 1.50025 C 16 -S 15 1.78000 O 12 -C 3 1.43000 C 3 -C 4 1.39543 C 1 -C 2 1.39516 C 4 -C 5 1.39483 C 2 -Cl 11 1.76000 C 5 -C 6 1.39514 C 2 -C 3 1.39471 C 6 -Br 10 1.91000 C 6 -C 1 1.39483 Triazophos P 19 -S 20 1.85680 N 3 -C 7 1.47000 P 19 -O 18 1.76000 C 7 -C 8 1.39516 P 19 -O 21 1.76000 C 7 -C 9 1.39483 P 19 -O 22 1.76000 C 8 -C 10 1.39471 O 18 -C 1 1.43000 C 9 -C 12 1.39514 C 1 -N 5 1.40175 C 10 -C 14 1.39543 C 1 -N 6 1.43487 C 12 -C 14 1.39483 C 2 -N 6 1.40185 O 21 -C 30 1.43000 C 2 -N 3 1.39180 O 22 -C 23 1.43000 N 3 -N 5 1.39180 C 30 -C 31 1.50025 C 23 -C 24 1.50025…”

“…However, the extensive use of these two compounds, especially the bioaccumulation of their residues, has caused increasing concerns to both human and the environment. For example, it was demonstrated that profenofos and triazophos can induce DNA damage in freshwater fish [1,2]. Traditionally, degradation of pesticide residues is accomplished by physical, chemical, and biological methods [3].…”

Elevated temperature affects growth and hemato‐biochemical parameters, inducing morphological abnormalities of erythrocytes in Nile tilapiaOreochromis niloticus

“…Temperature fluctuations alter membrane fluidity, affecting interactions with adjacent proteins including protein–lipid interactions of erythrocytes (Avrova, 1999; Dey, Szegletes, Buda, Nemcsok, & Farkas, 1993). The rate of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes increases with the increase in temperature and could contribute to cellular abnormalities like twin, fusion and elongated erythrocytes (Bai et al, 2014; Ghaffar, Riaz, Ahrar, & Abbas, 2015). Erythrocytic cellular abnormalities as reported by Shahjahan et al.…”