Hematologic variables of the Arrau turtle (<i>Podocnemis expansa</i>) under the effects of different anticoagulants and cytologic stains

Garcia, Guilherme Caetano; Alves-Júnior, José Roberto Ferreira; Santana, Áureo Evangelista; Stas, Catherine Marie F.; Silva, Camila C. da; Kanayama, Cláudio Yudi; Bittar, Eustáquio Resende; Bittar, Joely Ferreira Figueiredo

doi:10.1111/vcp.12960

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The small sample size ( n =30) in our study precluded calculation of formal reference intervals; nevertheless, these results provide a useful starting point for future studies. Although EDTA, used as an anticoagulant in this study, has been associated with hemolysis in some chelonian species (Muro et al 1998; Garcia et al 2021), our samples showed either no or only mild hemolysis; therefore, this probably had little effect on the values measured. We evaluated serum rather than plasma, which has been used in most other chelonian health assessment studies; therefore, it must be remembered that our findings may not be directly comparable to studies with values derived from plasma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Health Assessment of Wild Northern Diamond-Backed Terrapins (Malaclemys Terrapin Terrapin) in New Jersey, Usa

Lewis¹,

Zarate²,

Wnek³

et al. 2023

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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A popular species in the pet trade, and therefore in the illegal wildlife trade, the diamond-backed terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin terrapin, population has seen significant declines. Associated with the illegal wildlife trade, occasions arise in which terrapins are confiscated, and no standard operating procedures exist for repatriation into the wild. To develop such procedures, an understanding of the pathogens circulating in the wild diamond-backed terrapin population in New Jersey is needed. We sampled 30 wild female diamond-backed terrapins for herpesvirus, Mycoplasmopsis, ranavirus, and intestinal and blood parasites and performed white blood cell counts and differentials and evaluated biochemistry values. Terrapins had an average age of 10 yr (8–15 yr), and 70% were gravid at the time of sampling. Thirty-three percent of the sampled northern diamond-backed terrapins were positive for Mycoplasmopsis sp., and all were negative for ranavirus and herpesviruses. Occasional blood parasites were found, and few intestinal parasites were noted. There was no significant difference between gravid status and any of the blood parameters (P<0.05). Blood chemistry values appeared to vary according to feeding activity; no differences were noted in the values in relation to gravid status. Four terrapins had heterophil to lymphocyte (H:L) ratios above 4.5, significantly higher than the other terrapins sampled, which may indicate inflammation. Two of the four had Mycoplasmopsis, one sample was contaminated by other bacteria and was discarded, and one was negative. No significant difference was found between Mycoplasmopsis infection status and H:L ratio (P=0.926). Our findings, though conducted on a small number of female terrapins at a specific time point, provide data on the pathogens that may be circulating in this population, adding to the current body of knowledge and helping to guide decision making for the reintroduction of confiscated diamond-backed terrapins into New Jersey's wild population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Health Assessment of Wild Northern Diamond-Backed Terrapins (Malaclemys Terrapin Terrapin) in New Jersey, Usa

Lewis¹,

Zarate²,

Wnek³

et al. 2023

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…A pesar de esto, la heparina de sodio utilizada en este estudio mostró resultados favorables al mantener las muestras sanguíneas de todas las especies analizadas en óptimas condiciones para análisis hematológicos. Estos resultados apoyan diferentes reportes donde también se ha usado a la heparina de sodio para la medición de parámetros hematológicos de tortugas de las especies T. scripta elegans, T. dorbingyi, Podocnemis expansa, Chelonoidis chathamensis, Caretta caretta y Geochelone radiata (11,29,30,31,32,33) semiárido nordestino brasileiro, visando estabelecer valores sanguíneos básicos de saúde e gerar dados úteis na fisiologia comparativa de Testudines. Após 120 dias de adaptação e jejum de 24 horas, 2,5 mL de sangue foram coletados do seio occipital dorsal e depositados em tubo com heparina sódica para a avaliação, na sequência, dos níveis hematologicos.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…A contagem total de eritrócitos (CTE. A diferencia del EDTA, la heparina actúa inhibiendo la trombina, por lo cual se disminuye el riesgo de hemólisis a causa del secuestro del calcio; sin embargo, se ha reportado que este anticoagulante puede interferir con tinciones Romanowsky, al promover la aglutinación de trombocitos y leucocitos, así como generar un efecto azulado en los extendidos (24,33). Así mismo, tras 12 horas de almacenamiento, las células sanguíneas de C. carbonaria mostraron una leve alteración morfológica, lo cual puede estar acentuado por el lapso y los efectos de la heparina en la tinción usada.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Consideraciones para la obtención de sangre en tortugas: sitios de venopunción y anticoagulantes

et al. 2022

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Objetivo. Evaluar diferentes puntos de venopunción y el uso de dos anticoagulantes para la obtención de muestras sanguíneas en tortugas. Materiales y métodos. Se muestrearon 82 individuos de las especies Trachemys callirostris, Podocnemis unifilis y Chelonoidis carbonaria. Los puntos de venopunción evaluados fueron: seno venoso subcaparacial, vena coccígea dorsal y vena yugular; y se compararon dos anticoagulantes: heparina de sodio y EDTA. Resultados. A partir de la vena yugular se obtuvieron muestras sanguíneas sin hemodilución y en un volumen suficiente para realizar análisis hematológicos. Por el contrario, a partir de los otros sitios de venopunción se obtuvieron mayoritariamente muestras hemodiluidas. Las muestras de sangre obtenidas a partir de C. carbonaria se hemolizaron tras su almacenamiento en EDTA (40 µl/ml de sangre), lo que no se evidenció al utilizar heparina de sodio (100 UI/ml de sangre) como anticoagulante. Conclusiones. La vena yugular es el sitio de venopunción más recomendable para la extracción de muestras sanguíneas con fines clínicos. La heparina de sodio fue el anticoagulante de elección para almacenar dichas muestras al no inducir hemólisis en estas.

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“…Blood was equally distributed into a 0.5-ml lithium-heparin test tube (BD Microtainer®, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and a 0.5 ml plain tube (BD Microtainer, Becton, Dickinson and Company) and kept on an ice pack in a cooler box until processing. Smears of whole blood, without anticoagulant (Garcia et al ., 2021), were also obtained and kept at ambient temperature. All blood samples were processed within 2 h of collection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematologic and Biochemical Reference Intervals of a Single Population of Captive Burmese Roofed Turtles (Batagur trivittata)

Douay

Yeo²,

Oh³

et al. 2023

Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery

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The Burmese roofed turtle (Batagur trivittata), endemic to Myanmar, is a critically endangered species. Little is known about their physiology and health. Therefore, establishing physiological reference intervals is essential for the implementation of conservation plans. This study establishes hematology and biochemistry reference intervals of a group of 23 captive Burmese roofed turtles. The animals were sampled during a four-month period, outside the breeding season. Most blood values did not differ significantly based on animal sex. However in females, lymphocyte count, and concentrations of glucose and calcium were relatively higher, and potassium lower compared to that of males. Better understanding of blood analytes will help strengthen ex-situ management and healthcare protocols, as well as improve ongoing conservation efforts for this important species.

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Hematologic variables of the Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa) under the effects of different anticoagulants and cytologic stains

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Health Assessment of Wild Northern Diamond-Backed Terrapins (Malaclemys Terrapin Terrapin) in New Jersey, Usa

Health Assessment of Wild Northern Diamond-Backed Terrapins (Malaclemys Terrapin Terrapin) in New Jersey, Usa

Consideraciones para la obtención de sangre en tortugas: sitios de venopunción y anticoagulantes

Hematologic and Biochemical Reference Intervals of a Single Population of Captive Burmese Roofed Turtles (Batagur trivittata)

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