Hematological alterations and splenic T lymphocyte polarization at the crest of snake venom induced acute kidney injury in adult male mice

Nasim, Farhat; Das, Sreyasi; Mishra, Roshnara; Mishra, Raghwendra

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.05.024

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Nephrotoxicity from snake venom can have several origins such as impaired perfusion due to intravascular coagulation, direct action of venom cytotoxic components on renal structures, and either hemoglobin or myoglobin deposits onto proximal and distal renal tubule. Another possible renal failure cause refers to cardiotoxins and nephrotoxic components in these animals venom [ 35 , 37 ]. Some studies evaluated dissimilar venom fractions in different animals and their findings point to changes in renal hemodynamics as well as proximal and distal renal tubular degeneration [ 33 , 35 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With recognized death risk, their bites are emergencies typically leading to the following effects: local tissue damage, bleeding, coagulopathies, and shock. However, there is clinical and experimental evidence of venoms from different snakes that cause acute kidney damage [4,[33][34][35][36]. While envenoming refers to components causing neurotoxic manifestations, other other systemic manifestations are equally present [37], whose pathways are reviewed in [38].…”

Section: Snakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another possible renal failure cause refers to cardiotoxins and nephrotoxic components in these animals venom [35,37]. Some studies evaluated dissimilar venom fractions in different animals and their findings point to changes in renal hemodynamics as well as proximal and distal renal tubular degeneration [33,35]. In animal studies, kinetic evaluation of urine has also proven changes in volume as well as in creatinine, microprotein and other markers of kidney damages from this venom [33,[35][36][37].…”

Section: Snakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute kidney injury caused by venomous animals: inflammatory mechanisms

Oliveira

Cardoso

Barbosa

et al. 2021

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Either bites or stings of venomous animals comprise relevant public health problems in tropical countries. Acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by animal toxins is related to worse prognostic and outcomes. Being one the most important pathways to induce AKI following envenoming due to animal toxins, inflammation is an essential biological response that eliminates pathogenic bacteria and repairs tissue after injury. However, direct nephrotoxicity (i.e. apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms of toxins), pigmenturia (i.e. rhabdomyolysis and hemolysis), anaphylactic reactions, and coagulopathies could contribute to the renal injury. All these mechanisms are closely integrated, but inflammation is a distinct process. Hence, it is important to improve our understanding on inflammation mechanisms of these syndromes to provide a promising outlook to reduce morbidity and mortality. This literature review highlights the main scientific evidence of acute kidney injury induced by bites or stings from venomous animals and their inflammatory mechanisms. It included observational, cross-sectional, case-control and cohort human studies available up to December 2019. Descriptors were used according to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), namely: “Acute kidney injury” or “Venom” and “Inflammation” on Medline/Pubmed and Google Scholar; “Kidney disease” or “Acute kidney injury” on Lilacs and SciELO. The present review evidenced that, among the described forms of renal inflammation, it can occur either directly or indirectly on renal cells by means of intravascular, systemic and endothelial hemolysis, activation of inflammatory pathway, as well as direct action of venom cytotoxic components on kidney structures.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Snakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Snakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Acute kidney injury caused by venomous animals: inflammatory mechanisms

Oliveira

Cardoso

Barbosa

et al. 2021

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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“…Snake venoms are a complex mixture of proteins and non-protein components that cause physiopathology such as edema, hemorrhage, necrosis, and diverse alterations to the skin, including blistering and dermonecrosis [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The venom of snakes in the Viperidae family is composed of several protein families, including snake venom metalloproteases (SVMPs), phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ), myotoxins (Myo), snake venom serin-proteases (SVSPs), L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs), cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRiSPs), C-type lectins (CTLs), disintegrins (DISs) and natriuretic peptides (NPs) [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and Biochemical Characterization of Coronado Island Rattlesnake (Crotalus helleri caliginis) Venom and Antivenom Neutralization

Neri-Castro

Bénard-Valle

Alagón

et al. 2021

Toxins

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The Baja California Peninsula has over 250 islands and islets with many endemic species. Among them, rattlesnakes are the most numerous but also one of the least studied groups. The study of island rattlesnake venom could guide us to a better understanding of evolutionary processes and the description of novel toxins. Crotalus helleri caliginis venom samples were analyzed to determine possible ontogenetic variation with SDS-PAGE in one and two dimensions and with RP-HPLC. Western Blot, ELISA, and amino-terminal sequencing were used to determine the main components of the venom. The biological and biochemical activities demonstrate the similarity of C. helleri caliginis venom to the continental species C. helleri helleri, with both having low proteolytic and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity but differing due to the absence of neurotoxin (crotoxin-like) in the insular species. The main components of the snake venom were metalloproteases, serine proteases, and crotamine, which was the most abundant toxin group (30–35% of full venom). The crotamine was isolated using size-exclusion chromatography where its functional effects were tested on mouse phrenic nerve–hemidiaphragm preparations in which a significant reduction in muscle twitch contractions were observed. The two Mexican antivenoms could neutralize the lethality of C. helleri caliginis venom but not the crotamine effects.

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