Hematological and biochemical reference intervals for Bothrops asper and Crotalus simus (Serpentes: Viperidae), maintained in captivity for venom extraction

Gómez, Aarón; Arroyo, Cynthia; Astorga, Wilson; Chacón, Danilo; Rodríguez, Santos; Jiménez, Manuel

doi:10.1007/s00580-016-2240-2

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Currently, there is growing interest on reptile hematology as an important tool in their conservation, trading and also for research based on clinical pathology of these animals [ 12 – 19 ]. Collectively, there is a considerable number of hematological and plasma biochemical research on a variety of snake species in other regions [ 20 – 28 ]. However, most of such studies were based only on blood cell count and morphology [ 13 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological and plasma biochemical parameters in a wild population of Naja naja (Linnaeus, 1758) in Sri Lanka

Dissanayake

Thewarage

Rathnayake

et al. 2017

J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis

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BackgroundHematological studies of any animal species comprise an important diagnostic method in veterinary medicine and an essential tool for the conservation of species. In Sri Lanka, this essential technique has been ignored in studies of many species including reptiles. The aim of the present work was to establish a reference range of hematological values and morphological characterization of wild spectacled cobras (Naja naja) in Sri Lanka in order to provide a diagnostic tool in the assessment of health condition in reptiles and to diagnose diseases in wild populations.MethodsBlood samples were collected from the ventral caudal vein of 30 wild-caught Naja naja (18 males and 12 females). Hematological analyses were performed using manual standard methods.ResultsSeveral hematological parameters were examined and their mean values were: red blood cell count 0.581 ± 0.035 × 106/μL in males; 0.4950 ± 0.0408 × 106/μL in females; white blood cell count 12.45 ± 1.32 × 103/μL in males; 11.98 ± 1.62 × 103/μL in females; PCV (%) in males was 30.11 ± 1.93 and in females was 23.41 ± 1.67; hemoglobin (g/dL) was 7.6 ± 0.89 in males and 6.62 ± 1.49 in females; plasma protein (g/dL) was 5.11 ± 0.75 in males and 3.25 ± 0.74 in females; whereas cholesterol (mg/mL) was 4.09 ± 0.12 in males and 3.78 ± 0.42 in females. There were no significant differences in hematological parameters between the two genders except for erythrocyte count, thrombocyte count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, plasma protein, percentage of azurophil and heterophil. Intracellular parasites were not found in any of the studied specimens.ConclusionHematological and plasma biochemical parameters indicated a difference between geographically isolated populations and some values were significantly different between the two genders. These hematological results provide a reference range for Sri Lankan population of adult Naja naja.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological and plasma biochemical parameters in a wild population of Naja naja (Linnaeus, 1758) in Sri Lanka

Dissanayake

Thewarage

Rathnayake

et al. 2017

J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis

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“…We performed a clinical assessment based on hematology and some biochemical parameter values because blood evaluation is one of the most objective ways to assess health status in animals. Individuals in our study seemed to be clinically healthy, and no significant differences were found in hematology (Table 1) and biochemical analytes (Table 2) when compared with reference values (Gómez et al., 2016). Nevertheless, we found significant variations in the hemoglobin content, thrombocytes, white cells count, BChE, and AST values of B .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to BChE evaluation, a clinical assessment should be performed in the animals to obtain the most valuable information regarding the health status of the snakes (Gómez et al., 2016; Arguedas et al., 2018). Thus, complete hematology analysis and at least some biochemical analytes such as albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total protein (TP) content, should be tested (Gómez et al., 2016). Moreover, these biomarkers must be measured to accomplish an integral evaluation of the species considering possible physiologic alterations caused by a toxic effect of the pesticides or by other environmental pollutants (Andreadis et al., 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in plasmatic butyrylcholinesterases (BChE) values between Pacific and Caribbean populations of terciopelo (Bothrops asper) in Costa Rica

Arguedas

Gómez

Alcázar

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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The terciopelo (Bothrops asper) inhabits human-modified environments such as agricultural areas, becoming more prone to be exposed to organophosphate insecticides. These chemicals can inhibit plasmatic butyrylcholinesterases (BChE) activity in B. asper. Caribbean and Pacific populations of B. asper belong to two divergent lineages that exhibit robust genetic partitioning; however, differences across versants in biochemistry and hematology have not yet been examined, especially in BChE variations. This study aims to evaluate the differences of BChE plasmatic values, hematology parameters, and some biochemical analytes as biomarkers in the presence of organophosphates between the Pacific and Caribbean population of B. asper in Costa Rica. A total of 89 snakes (41 Pacific and 48 Caribbean) were used, and hematology parameter, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein and BChEs were evaluated. Differences in hemoglobin content, thrombocytes, white cell count, AST, and BChE values were found between both versants. Intrinsic genetic factors might influence the variation found in BChE and AST values in the snakes sampled from both versants; moreover, understanding this variation in BChE and AST values across the B. asper's distribution can be useful in future ecotoxicology, biomonitoring, genetic and other clinical/health studies.

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“…Body, liver, heart, and kidney weight (g); hepatosomatic index (HIS), and gonadosomatic index (GSI) were estimated. These data gives a precise evaluation of the status of the snake's body during the study (Gómez et al, 2016). Blood Collection and hematology: Blood samples were taken from the heart into the heparinized eppendrofs after the snakes being decapitated.…”

Section: Morphometric Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The utility of Saw-scaled viper,Echis pyramidum, and Kenyan sand boa,Eryx colubrinusas bioindicator of heavy metals bioaccumulation in relation to DPTA soil extract and biological consequences

Sleem

Kadry

Mohallal³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The present investigation was conducted to compare between the ecotoxocological effects of Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Co, Mo, Mn, B, Al, Sr, Pb, Ni, Cd and Cr on the sawscaled viper, Echis pyramidum (E. p.) and the Kenyan sand boa, Eryx colubrinus (E. c.) inhabiting Gabal El-Nagar and Kahk Qibliyyah respectively in El-Faiyum desert, Egypt. Accumulation varied significantly among the liver, kidney and muscle. The relationship between concentrations of heavy metals in snakes and those in the soil from the collected sites was established by analyzing metal DPTA in soil. Bioaccumulation factor is calculated to estimate the degree of toxicity within the tissues. Morphometric analysis was recorded. All body morphometric measurements were higher in E. p. than in E. c.. Body, liver, gonad, kidney and heart weight, HSI, GSI, RBCs count, Hb content, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, plasma glucose, total lipids and total proteins showed a significant increase in E. p. Histopathological examination showed damage and alterations of liver, kidney and testes sections. The tissues of E. c. were more destructed than those of E. p..

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Hematological and biochemical reference intervals for Bothrops asper and Crotalus simus (Serpentes: Viperidae), maintained in captivity for venom extraction

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Hematological and plasma biochemical parameters in a wild population of Naja naja (Linnaeus, 1758) in Sri Lanka

Hematological and plasma biochemical parameters in a wild population of Naja naja (Linnaeus, 1758) in Sri Lanka

Differences in plasmatic butyrylcholinesterases (BChE) values between Pacific and Caribbean populations of terciopelo (Bothrops asper) in Costa Rica

The utility of Saw-scaled viper,Echis pyramidum, and Kenyan sand boa,Eryx colubrinusas bioindicator of heavy metals bioaccumulation in relation to DPTA soil extract and biological consequences

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