Hematological profile and risk factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Quetta, Pakistan.

Abstract

Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic debilitating infectious disease affecting more than one third of the global population. This study was designed to investigate different peripheral blood parameters and risk factors in TB patients. Methods: A total of 600 (Male, 238 and Female, 362) aging 20-80 Years patients with clinical signs of prolonged cough, chest pain and fever, were evaluated for peripheral blood parameters using hematology analyzer. All the informations related to the disease were collected from the patients and recorded using predesigned questionnaire. Results: Erythrocytic Sedimentation Rate (ESR), Hemoglobin (Hb) and lymphocytes were markedly changed in both sexes. Hemoglobin was recorded lower than normal value in 55% and 53% of male and female population respectively. Total leukocyte count was also lower than normal values in 8% and 6% of male and female respectively. Similarly neutropenia was observed in 5% and 8% cases, while neutrophilia was recorded as 60% and 64% in male and female patients respectively. Lymphocytopenia was also observed in 59% and 43% patients in male and female respectively. Illiteracy, smoking habits, overcrowding and living in shared houses were the main associated risk factors contributing in the enhancement of the disease. Conclusion: The disease was present significantly more in females and was relatively higher in older patients. Different hematological parameters like Erythrocytic sedimentation Rate (ESR), platelets and leukocytes work as hallmark and help the clinicians in early diagnosis of the disease. Malnutrition, smoking tobacco, living in shared houses, illiteracy and poverty were the common risk factors contributing to the dissemination of the tuberculosis in the target area population.

Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) Patients Suspected to Have Drug Resistant TB in Programmatic Management of Drug Resistant TB Unit in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

“…Females were 63.5% in smear positive cases in this study. The present study was in line with other previous studies, in which females were more affected by tuberculosis than males (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). Zaman et al and Akhtar et al also noted that tuberculosis was more prevalent in females than in males (21,28).…”

Drug resistance pattern in Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the first line drugs of pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Hazara Region, Pakistan

“…Disease in this study was found in all age groups equally but was highest in productive and mature age group of 21-40 years which is (46.76%). Finding of this study was in line with previous study by (20)(21)(22) who reported that tuberculosis is a disease of adult productive 20-50 years age group.…”

Decreased Osteopontin Expression as a Reliable Prognostic Indicator of Improvement in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Impact of the Level of Interferon-γ-Inducible Protein 10

“…Both CRP and ESR are established prognostic indicators in patients with pulmonary TB; CRP is an acute phase indicator of inflammation that reflects the disease severity [34], while ESR is regarded as an indicator of disease activity, and is also reflective of disease severity [35]. In agreement with the literature, CRP levels and the ESR were elevated in patients with sputum positivity in this study.…”