Hematology and serum biochemistry of captive Sunda pangolin (&lt;i&gt;Manis            javanica&lt;/i&gt;) in Wildlife Reserves Singapore

Ahmad, Ali Anwar; Sekar, Shangari; Oh, Pei Yee; Samsuddin, Sofeah

doi:10.1292/jvms.20-0418

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…While reference data and intervals from the Sunda pangolins are generally similar to those calculated here for Temminck's pangolins, they are often wider. This is particularly true for the study with 13 captive individuals, where ranges and standard deviations for some measurands are of a very high magnitude, and not suitable for comparison to our data, due to the small sample size and lack of outlier exclusion in that study (18). All individuals in the larger rescued Sunda pangolin group were sampled within 24 h of rescue, and were presumably in a physiologic state of stress, which may have caused a greater variation in results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The VetScan VS2 has featured in several reference interval studies, covering species ranging from domestic cats, to owls, prairie dogs and Sunda pangolins, to name just a few ( 13 , 18 , 22 , 23 , 31 ). This analyzer is a portable point-of-care device and requires a sample volume of only 0.1 mL, which makes it popular with veterinarians working with non-domestic species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of published reference data for hematology in pangolins, the two studies involving Sunda pangolins had the most similar design to ours, with analysis performed on a VetScan HM5 using the canine setting ( 13 , 18 ). Fifty-one rescued Sunda pangolins, with no evidence of disease on clinical examination, were included in the first study, and 13 healthy captive pangolins in the second study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Noteworthy differences are present for some clinical chemistry measurands, between the Asian pangolins and Temminck's pangolin, even taking differences in analytical methods into account. The Sunda pangolin studies also used the VetScan VS2, so results are directly comparable ( 13 , 18 ). The two Chinese pangolin studies used a dry slide and a wet chemistry analyzer ( 14 , 15 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical pathology reference data from healthy individuals for two Asian pangolin species, the Sunda (Manis javanica) and the Chinese (M. pentadactyla) pangolin, and for the African whitebellied pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis), have been published (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Additionally, a recent study presented hematology and clinical chemistry data from 10 Temminck's pangolins (not all healthy) housed in a rehabilitation center in Zimbabwe (19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reference Intervals for Selected Hematology and Clinical Chemistry Measurands in Temminck's Pangolin (Smutsia temminckii)

2021

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Pangolins are the world's most trafficked non-human mammals. A significant number of Temminck's pangolins (Smutsia temminckii) are presented for veterinary care and rehabilitation in southern Africa. Little is known about the physiology and normal health of this species, making diagnosis and medical management difficult. This study aimed to establish reference intervals (RIs) for hematology and plasma clinical chemistry in the Temminck's pangolin. RIs were generated according to international guidelines using samples from 27 healthy free-living (n = 18) and rehabilitated (n = 9) pangolins. Hematology was performed using the Abaxis VetScan HM5 analyzer with manual differentials; clinical chemistry was performed using heparin plasma on the Abaxis VetScan VS2 and Cobas Integra 400 Plus analyzers. Hematology RIs were: RBC 3.88–8.31 × 1012/L, HGB 73–150 g/L, HCT 26–51%, MCV 59–72 fL, MCH 15.6–21.4 pg, MCHC 257–325 g/L, RDW 14.3–19.1%, WBC 1.80–10.71 × 109/L. Vetscan VS2 clinical chemistry RIs were: albumin 27–41 g/L, ALP 26–100 U/L, ALT 25–307 U/L, amylase 267–826 U/L, bilirubin 4–10 μmol/L, calcium 2.1–2.2 mmol/L, globulin 21–55 g/L, glucose 3.8–10.0 mmol/L, phosphate 1.3–2.6 mmol/L, potassium 3.6–5.9 mmol/L, sodium 132–140 mmol/L total protein 52–84 g/L, and urea 5.3–11.4 mmol/L. RIs for creatinine were not calculated as analytical imprecision exceeded analytical performance goals. Cobas Integra clinical chemistry RIs were: albumin 22–33 g/L, ALP 20–104 U/L, ALT 17–291 U/L, amylase 466–1,533 U/L, bilirubin 1–14 μmol/L, calcium 2.0–2.4 mmol/L, creatinine <58 μmol/L, globulin 23–49 g/L, glucose 3.6–10.1 mmol/L, phosphate 1.0–2.2 mmol/L, potassium 3.1–5.8 mmol/L, sodium 137–150 mmol/L, total protein 47–72 g/L, and urea 6.0–12.5 mmol/L. There was significant bias between the two chemistry analyzers for several measurands. Differences were found for some analytes between free-living and rehabilitated animals, probably reflecting differences in nutrition and hydration. These are the first RIs generated for Temminck's pangolin. These results will allow veterinarians to better determine pangolin health status, formulate optimal treatment plans and increase patient survival rates in this endangered species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%