Hematology of Elasmobranchs

Arnold, Jill; Delaune, Alexa J.

doi:10.1002/9781119500537.ch128

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Total WBC counts obtained in the Spotted Ratfish (22.25 × 103 cells/μl) were within the previously published values in the different species of Chondrichthyes studied, which show great interspecific variations and range from 4.14 × 103 to 50.7 × 103 cells/μl in apparently healthy animals ( 10 ). Total solids in plasma, peripheral leukocyte percentages, and total cell count for each leukocyte showed values similar to those found in other Chondrichthyes ( 10 , 15 , 21 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Hematology analysis techniques adapted for elasmobranchs produced good results in this species, being the Spotted Ratfish cell morphology similar to that previously described in sharks and rays (10). Both Rees Ecker and Natt-Herricks served to perform the complete hematological counts, and further studies with larger populations should be developed to statistically evaluate the differences obtained in the results; because of this, this brief report provides values obtained using both solutions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…A limitation to this study that should be considered was that neither the Natt–Herricks nor the Rees Ecker dilutants were modified to increase osmolality to resemble that of holocephalans body fluids, which has proven to be similar to that of elasmobranchs, being slightly hyperosmotic to saltwater ( 7 ). An adjustment in the osmolality of Natt–Herricks stock solution could have been performed to reduce the risk of cell lysis ( 10 , 20 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Counting was repeated by diluting a 10 μl blood sample in 490 μl Natt–Herricks solution (1:50 dilution) (Natt-Pette TM , Exotic Animal Solutions, Inc., 32941 Melbourne, USA). These dilutions were performed following the guidelines described for hematology analysis in exotic animal species, specifically for Chondrichthyans, and allowed us to achieve adjacent, non-overlapping cells in the standard grid area of the Neubauer chamber ( 10 , 11 ). This study presents results from both diluents, intending to facilitate additional comparisons.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood smears were performed using the blood stored in the heparin (< 5 min since blood collection), left to dry at room temperature (22°C). Striving to contribute to the standardization Leica of hematological analysis for peripheral leukocytes in Chondrichthyes , Spotted Ratfish leukocytes were differentiated based on morphology using a Romanowsky stain variant (Diff-Quick, Maim S.L., 08500 Barcelona, Spain)and classified as lymphocytes, monocytes, fine eosinophilic granulocytes (FEG), which due to their granule morphology and staining properties resemble avian heterophils, and coarse eosinophilic granulocytes (CEG), which resemble avian eosinophils ( 10 , 12 ). Leukocyte differentials were determined by counting a minimum of 200 WBC per animal and sample, and the further calculation of the cell percentages.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood collection under anesthesia, peripheral blood cells, plasma biochemistry, and plasma protein electrophoresis in a living fossil: the Spotted Ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei)

Morón-Elorza,

David,

Batista

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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This report describes the safe and effective handling under anesthesia, blood collection and main clinical pathology values determination for three adult Spotted Ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei) (two males and one female) successfully maintained under human care for more than 20 years. The anesthetic MS-222 diluted in tamponed salt water at 50 ppm provided deep narcosis with mean induction and recovery times of 5 and 20 min, allowing safe handling and blood collection in the three animals sampled. Major leukocyte types were similar to other teleost and elasmobranch species, identifying lymphocytes as the predominant leukocyte (75.5%), followed by the fine eosinophilic granulocytes (10.25%), the coarse eosinophilic granulocytes (9.75%), and a small percentage of monocytes (5.50%). Plasma biochemistry values in this species were like those seen in elasmobranchs, with the highest levels of blood urea nitrogen described in any Chondrichthyes (mean 679.7 mmol/l). Plasma protein electrophoresis analysis in the Spotted Ratfish showed five consistent fractions, like those previously described in other fish species, with a negligible quantity of proteins migrating in the region equivalent to albumin, and with fraction 4 (mean 53.20%) as the predominant fraction. Despite the limitations imposed by the small sample size and the challenging access to the studied species under human care, this study will shed light on and enhance clinical knowledge regarding Ratfish handling, anesthesia, blood collection, and analysis. It aims to deliver a comprehensive clinical pathology description, presenting valuable data for professionals engaged in the care and management of Chimaerans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood collection under anesthesia, peripheral blood cells, plasma biochemistry, and plasma protein electrophoresis in a living fossil: the Spotted Ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei)

Morón-Elorza,

David,

Batista

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Serum chemistry, thyroxine concentration, and blood cell morphology of wild, young Blackchin Guitarfish Glaucostegus cemiculus sampled on the eastern Mediterranean coastline

Schwartz,

Morick,

Azrieli

et al. 2024

J Aqua Anim Hlth

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ObjectiveThe Blackchin Guitarfish Glaucostegus cemiculus is endemic to the Mediterranean Sea and is critically endangered, but relevant routine laboratory data are unavailable. Our objectives were to determine the packed cell volume (PCV), comprehensive serum chemistry analytes, and serum total thyroxine (sTT4) concentration; compare serum albumin and serum globulin concentrations as measured by two different methods; and describe the blood cell morphology of healthy, free‐ranging Blackchin Guitarfish.MethodsWild Blackchin Guitarfish were captured using a seine net. Blood samples for serum chemistry and hematological analyses were obtained and measured using routine laboratory methods. The fish were tagged and released.ResultThis study included 43 Blackchin Guitarfish (17 males and 26 females) that were younger than 6 months as estimated based on total length and body weight. The median PCV (n = 23) was 22% (minimum–maximum [min–max] = 15–25%). Median sTT4 (n = 10) measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay was 7.86 nmol/L (min–max = 7.52–9.57 nmol/L). The study included a comprehensive, 25‐analyte serum chemistry analysis (e.g., serum iron and unbound and total iron‐binding capacity) and a morphological description of all blood cells. Serum electrophoresis (SEP; n = 13) yielded a consistent serum albumin‐migrating protein fraction and four globulin fractions. Serum electrophoretograms corroborating these results are presented.ConclusionIn Blackchin Guitarfish, the serum albumin‐migrating fraction measured by SEP combined with serum total protein concentration yields a much higher albumin concentration compared to that measured by bromocresol green spectrophotometry. The true identity of this albumin‐migrating fraction remains to be identified. The analytes' calculated 2.5–97.5% interpercentile intervals should be considered as reference intervals applying to Blackchin Guitarfish of similar age but should be applied cautiously to adult fish.

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Hematological and plasma biochemical profile of two species of freshwater stingrays from the Amazon

Santos,

Aride,

Farias

et al. 2024

Vet Res Commun

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The demand for sh by-products and the need for nutritionally adequate and less expensive The evaluation of hematological and plasma biochemical parameters and the subsequent establishment of reference intervals can facilitate the diagnosis of the health status of animals and contribute to animal production, management, and conservation of natural populations. This work aimed to determine the hematological parameters of wild specimens of the stingrays Potamotrygon motoro and Potamotrygon orbignyi from the lower Solimões River region, Amazonas, Brazil, establishing reference blood values. One hundred forty-one stingrays were captured, 92 specimens of P. motoro and 49 of P. orbignyi, of both sexes and at different stages of development (neonates and juveniles). Hematological and plasma biochemical parameters were determined according to the methodology recommended in the literature. No effect of sex was observed on the hematological parameters of juvenile animals for both species. P. motoro neonates presented a distinct hematological pro le, with signi cantly lower hematocrit values, hemoglobin, number of erythrocytes, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, monocytes, plasma glucose, total proteins, albumin, and globulin. On the other hand, total cholesterol and urea levels were signi cantly higher in this same group compared to juveniles of the same species. Comparison between species revealed lower values of triglycerides and total cholesterol in P. orbignyi of both sexes. Due to the lack of sex effect, data from males and females of each species were grouped to establish more robust hematological reference intervals. The results obtained are pioneering for these Amazonian species in whitewater environments and will serve as a basis for evaluating the health status of wild stingrays. They can identify hematological disorders and monitor the animals' physiological adaptations to environmental changes. ManaquiriP. motoro Neonate ND 11 12.3 ± 1.4 a 22.4 ± 2.7 a 101.8 ± 31.9 a Juvenile Male

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Hematology of Elasmobranchs

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Blood collection under anesthesia, peripheral blood cells, plasma biochemistry, and plasma protein electrophoresis in a living fossil: the Spotted Ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei)

Blood collection under anesthesia, peripheral blood cells, plasma biochemistry, and plasma protein electrophoresis in a living fossil: the Spotted Ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei)

Serum chemistry, thyroxine concentration, and blood cell morphology of wild, young Blackchin Guitarfish Glaucostegus cemiculus sampled on the eastern Mediterranean coastline

Hematological and plasma biochemical profile of two species of freshwater stingrays from the Amazon

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