Hematology, Serum Chemistry, and Serum Protein Electrophoresis Ranges for Free-ranging Roe Deer (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i>) in Sweden

Küker, Susanne; Huber, Nikolaus; Evans, Alina L.; Kjellander, Petter; Bergvall, Ulrika A.; Jones, Krista; Arnemo, Jon M.

doi:10.7589/2014-02-025

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The EDTA samples were processed within 15 min of collection for a complete blood count (CBC), using an automated cell counter (Lasercyte, Idexx, USA), and assessing the following parameters: red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), haematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and platelet count (PLT). The results obtained have been compared with the reference ranges reported in literature (13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildlife Ungulate Rescue and Emergency Services in the Pisa Area (Tuscany, Italy): Evaluation of a 9-Years Period (2010–2018)

et al. 2020

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over a 9-years period. Methods: Clinical data of all the wildlife ungulates admitted to the VTH were recorded. Blood samples were also taken from the animals for hematological and biochemical analysis. An assessment of ecto-and endoparasites was carried out, diagnostic imaging assessment was performed, and the outcomes were recorded. Results: Data concerning clinical parameters, blood work, parasitological analysis, and diagnostic imaging diagnosis were expressed as prevalence. Conclusion: The rescue and emergency treatments were related mostly to traumas caused by car accidents, followed by other causes. The traumatic injuries were mostly severe, characterized by multiple lesions involving hard and soft tissues. In this study, traffic accidents were the main cause of wildlife rescue and emergency management. This is probably due to the increased population of ungulates over the years, along with the considerable anthropization of the Pisa area.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildlife Ungulate Rescue and Emergency Services in the Pisa Area (Tuscany, Italy): Evaluation of a 9-Years Period (2010–2018)

et al. 2020

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“…Total handling time ranged from 7 to 29 min with a mean handling time of 14 (± standard deviation (SD)) 6.8 min. Mean values for complete blood counts and biochemistry parameters were within the reference ranges for European roe deer [49] (for details see Additional file 1: Tables S1 and Additional file 2: Table S2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Quantifying capture stress in free ranging European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

et al. 2017

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BackgroundTo understand and reduce the concomitant effects of trapping and handling procedures in wildlife species, it is essential to measure their physiological impact. Here, we examined individual variation in stress levels in non-anesthetized European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), which were captured in box traps and physically restrained for tagging, biometrics and bio-sampling. In winter 2013, we collected venous blood samples from 28 individuals during 28 capture events and evaluated standard measurements for stress (heart rate, body temperature, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, lactate and total cortisol). Additionally, we assessed stress using the immunological tool, Leukocyte Coping Capacity (LCC), a real-time proxy for stress measuring oxygen radical production by leukocytes. Finally, the behavioral response to handling was recorded using a scoring system.ResultsLCC and therefore stress levels were negatively influenced by the time animals spent in the box trap with human presence at the capture site prior to handling. In contrast, none of the classical stress measures, including total cortisol, nor the behavioral assessment, were correlated with the stressor tested (time of human presence prior to handling) and thus did not provide a clear depiction regarding the extent of the animals short-term stress response.ConclusionsOverall our study verifies the LCC as a strong method to quantify short-term stress reactions in wildlife. Moreover, our results clearly show that human presence at the trapping site prior to handling should be kept to an absolute minimum in order to reduce stress levels.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1045-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Cortisol levels for the cervids in our study killed during battues and hunts with dogs ranged far below those determined for ungulates in other human-dominated situations (e.g. Rehbinder et al 1982, Carragher et al 1997, Küker et al 2015. Furthermore, it has to be kept in mind that wild animals are regularly exposed to natural situations that may trigger cortisol release to yet unknown extent (e.g.…”

Section: Effects Of Different Hunting Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Still, there are several other situations described with elevated and much higher cortisol levels than in our study and all relate to human disturbance (see e.g. Rehbinder et al 1982, Hattingh 1988, Morton et al 1995, DeNicola and Swihart 1997, as for example stressful immobilisation (Rostal et al 2012 in moose, see also Lundstein 2013), velvet antler removal in red deer (Cook and Schaefer 2002) and physically restrained individuals (Küker et al 2015). Little information exists on cortisol levels in wild boar, but our reference and trauma levels lay in the range of a study on anti-parasite-treated wild boar (López-Olvera et al 2006).…”

Section: Effects Of Different Trauma Situationsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The effect of age and gender seems unclear (see e.g. Huber et al 2003, Rostal et al 2012, Küker et al 2015 for differing results) and no considerable changes in cortisol concentration have been observed up to 60 min postmortem (Wesson et al 1979, Holst 1996, thus we predict that sampling time does not affect the measured cortisol levels. (4) Do cortisol levels vary between hunting methods?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Cortisol response of wild ungulates to trauma situations: hunting is not necessarily the worst stressor

Gentsch

Kjellander

Röken³

2018

Eur J Wildl Res

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Animal welfare concerns are becoming a central issue in wildlife management and conservation. Thus, we investigated stress response of wild ungulates to potentially traumatic situations (shooting injuries, vehicle collisions, entanglement, injuries or diseases) and hunting methods (stalking, battues and hunts with dogs) by means of serum cortisol concentrations from blood collected from killed animals. Cortisol levels in roe deer ranged below and in wild boar above levels for moose, red deer and fallow deer (hence, pooled as a group Bdeer^). Apart from species, cortisol concentration in trauma situations was mainly explained by trauma type and presence of disturbance after the trauma event. Effect of trauma type differed significantly for Bdeer^, with animals caught in fences and suffering vehicle collisions experiencing higher cortisol levels than animals injured by shooting. Differences between hunting methods were observed in the cervids (Bdeer^and roe deer), with stalking leading to lower cortisol levels than hunts with dogs (both groups) and battues (roe deer). Events both before and after the shot, such as duration of pursuit prior to shooting, location of injury, trauma length and presence of disturbance after the shot were relevant for cortisol levels in hunted cervids. Our results indicate that search teams tracking and euthanising wounded animals should behave in a calm way to minimise disturbance. Still, it is important to acknowledge that many situations described in the literature, i.e. reindeer handling, roe deer captures and red deer yarding, seem even more stressful, beside vehicle collisions, than most hunting methods.

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Hematology, Serum Chemistry, and Serum Protein Electrophoresis Ranges for Free-ranging Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Sweden

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Wildlife Ungulate Rescue and Emergency Services in the Pisa Area (Tuscany, Italy): Evaluation of a 9-Years Period (2010–2018)

Wildlife Ungulate Rescue and Emergency Services in the Pisa Area (Tuscany, Italy): Evaluation of a 9-Years Period (2010–2018)

Quantifying capture stress in free ranging European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Cortisol response of wild ungulates to trauma situations: hunting is not necessarily the worst stressor

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