Hematometra Due to Cervical Stenosis in a Postmenopausal Woman with Incidental Ovarian Steroid Cell Tumor: A Case Report

Park, Yong Jin; Kim, Ju Hee; Koh, Ji Hye

doi:10.6118/jmm.22036

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…In child-bearing age group, women present with irregular menstrual cycles or infertility ( 23 ). In post-menopausal women, vaginal bleeding may occur ( 24 , 25 ). In most cases, SCTs present as an unilateral ovarian tumor ( 11 ).…”

Section: Clinical and Radiologic Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian steroid cell tumors: what do we know so far?

Wei,

Fadare

2024

Front. Oncol.

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Steroid cell tumors (SCT) of the ovary are rare, which has limited advances in the understanding of this enigmatic neoplasm. In this review, we summarize currently known clinicopathologic information on SCT. SCT are frequently hormonally active, leading to elevated serum and/or urine levels of androgenic hormones or their metabolites, and associated symptomatology, including virilization. The reported age at diagnosis is broad and has ranged from as young as 1 year old to 93 years old, although most patients were between ages 20 and 40 years. Most tumors are stage I and unilateral. The tumors are usually well circumscribed with a solid or solid to cystic cut surface. The tumors in one series reportedly ranged in size from 1.2 to 45 cm (average 8.4 cm). MRI is a useful imaging modality, typically showing a well delineated mass with contrast enhancement and lipid content on T2 and T1 weighted images, respectively. Microscopically, SCT display polygonal to epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic to vacuolated/clear cytoplasm and display an immunoprofile that is consistent with sex cord-stromal differentiation. Most cases are benign, without any recurrences after primary resection, but a subset – probably less than 20% of cases –are clinically malignant. Pathologic criteria that can specifically predict patient outcomes remain elusive, although features that correlate with adverse outcomes have been proposed based on retrospective studies. The molecular characteristics of SCTs are similarly under characterized, although there is some evidence of an enrichment for hypoxia-signaling gene mutations in SCT. In malignant SCT, the tumors generally show greater global genomic instability, copy number gains in oncogenes, and occasional BAP1 mutation. Future studies involving multi-institutional cohort and unbiased molecular profiling using whole exome/transcriptome sequencing are needed to help advance our molecular understanding of SCTs.

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Section: Clinical and Radiologic Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian steroid cell tumors: what do we know so far?

Wei,

Fadare

2024

Front. Oncol.

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Haematometra arising from multiple abortions: a comprehensive case report

Yared,

Younis,

Al Hajj

et al. 2024

J Int Med Res

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Haematometra, a rare and delayed complication, can emerge following medical termination of pregnancy, also known as ‘postabortal post-caesarean syndrome’ or ‘redo syndrome’. Treatment requires the immediate evacuation of both liquid and clotted blood for quick resolution, followed by administration of an oxytocic agent to ensure complete recovery. This current report describes a female patient in her mid-30s who presented with colicky lower abdominal pain following a medically-induced abortion at 10 weeks. The case underscores the critical need for vigilance in detecting haematometra after abortion or caesarean delivery. Prompt recognition through symptoms and ultrasound, followed by immediate treatment, is essential to prevent severe complications such as infertility and ensure ongoing reproductive health.

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Hematometra Due to Cervical Stenosis in a Postmenopausal Woman with Incidental Ovarian Steroid Cell Tumor: A Case Report

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Ovarian steroid cell tumors: what do we know so far?

Ovarian steroid cell tumors: what do we know so far?

Haematometra arising from multiple abortions: a comprehensive case report

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