Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for blood cancers in the era of precision medicine and immunotherapy

Abstract

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) has been an integral component in the treatment of many hematologic malignancies. Since the development of HCT nearly 50 years ago, the role of this modality has evolved as newer treatment approaches have been developed and integrated into the standard of care. In the last decade, novel and highly active targeted therapies and immunotherapies have been approved for many hematologic malignancies, raising the question of whether HCT continues to retain its prominent role in the treatment paradigms of various hematologic malignancies. In this review, the authors have described the current role of autologous and allogeneic HCT in the treatment of patients with acute leukemias, aggressive B-cell lymphomas, and multiple myeloma and discussed how novel targeted therapies and immunotherapies have changed the potential need, timing, and goal of HCT in patients with these diseases.

Biological Characteristics of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Its Therapeutic Potential for Hematological Disorders

“…Hematological diseases are a series of heterogeneous diseases associated with abnormal blood changes that originate from the hematopoietic system or affect the hematopoietic system. Autologous or allogeneic HSCT are critical therapy tools to treat malignant and non-malignant hematological diseases ( Bair et al, 2020 ; Mallhi et al, 2020 ). In order to completely clear immune system of recipient before HSCT, it is necessary to use high-dose chemotherapy drugs for pretreatment.…”

“…In order to completely clear immune system of recipient before HSCT, it is necessary to use high-dose chemotherapy drugs for pretreatment. However, the negative effects of bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment damage and delayed immune reconstitution may lead to poor stem cell engraftment, and increase the rate of postoperative infection and recurrence ( Bair et al, 2020 ; Mallhi et al, 2020 ). A series of animal and clinical trials showed that HSCT or cord blood transplantation (CBT) combined with infusion of UC-MSCs is able to promote hematopoietic engraftment and reduce the occurrence GVHD ( Liu et al, 2020c ; Yang et al, 2020 ).…”

Cellules humaines à usage thérapeutique : état de la question

“…Dans le traitement des leucémies aiguës myéloblastique, elle est indiquée chez les patients en première rémission, pour les leucémies à bas risque et avec une maladie résiduelle indétectable [52] . L’allogreffe reste le traitement de référence pour les leucémies aiguës myéloblastiques de l’adulte en première rémission chez ceux qui ont un risque de récidive de 35 à 40 %, en cas d’anomalies cytogénétiques péjoratives ou de myélodysplasie préexistante [53] , [54] . Elle est aussi indiquée dans les leucémies aiguës lymphoblastiques de l’adulte avec anomalies cytogénétiques défavorables, en cas de phénotype pré-B et chez les patients avec un taux de leucocytes élevés au diagnostic.…”

Safety and efficacy of a nonmyeloablative pretransplant conditioning regimen using total lymphoid irradiation with volumetric modulated arc therapy in healthy dogs: A pilot study

“…In human medicine, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a critical therapy for haematological malignancies, such as lymphoma or leukemia (Bair et al., 2020; Baron & Storb, 2006; Copelan et al., 2019). In the veterinary field, there are few reports on allogeneic HCT for dogs (Lupu et al., 2006; Suter et al., 2015).…”