Hematospermia Due to Schistosome Infection in Travelers

Murdoch, David R.

doi:10.1086/374246

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Tissue damage due to deposited eggs has been described in various organs, but it is hard to evaluate the risk for such complications (Crump et al, 2000;Davies and Davis, 2001;Greenwald, 2005;Leman et al, 2001;Murdoch, 2003;Schwartz et al, 2002;Sheorey et al, 2004;Weber et al, 1998). Table 3.…”

Section: Chronic Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosomiasis in Swedish travellers to sub-Saharan Africa: can we rely on serology?

Thors

Holmblad

Maleki

et al. 2006

Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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In the absence of egg excretion, laboratory diagnosis of recently acquired schistosomiasis is dependent on serology. 42 of 83 Swedish adventure tourists to sub-Saharan Africa had serum anti-schistosome antibodies indicating recent infection. There is little doubt regarding the specificity and sensitivity of serology for the demonstration of infection, but there is a need for alternative serological methods which could be more widely used than the standard immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for antibodies against gut-derived antigens (anti-GAA). We present results suggesting that 40/42 anti-GAA positive cases also react with keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH), a readily available commercial antigen. High anti-GAA titres were seen for more than 2 y despite treatment with praziquantel. Thus we are faced with several questions. How likely is it that positive serology means treatment failure? What is the risk involved in chronic infection? What is the prospect for monitoring treatment outcome by serology? We conclude that there is a need for better information on the risk of becoming infected, for improved methods for testing and for monitoring the therapeutic effects in adventure tourists.

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Section: Chronic Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosomiasis in Swedish travellers to sub-Saharan Africa: can we rely on serology?

Thors

Holmblad

Maleki

et al. 2006

Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…Schistosomal infection of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles has been found at autopsy in as many as 58% of male cadavers in regions where S haematobium is endemic (28). This diagnosis should be considered when calcifications of the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, or bladder wall are seen on transrectal ultrasonography (US) or CT (Fig 15) in patients presenting with a change in ejaculate color or quality (eg, a yellow color or watery consistency), particularly in young men who are known to have traveled to or lived in endemic areas (61)(62)(63). At US, echogenic foci may be visible in the prostate gland, with occasional dilatation of the ejaculatory ducts or seminal vesicles because of distal fibrosis and obstruction.…”

Section: Genitalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genitourinary Schistosomiasis: Life Cycle and Radiologic-Pathologic Findings

Shebel¹,

Elsayes²,

Atta³

et al. 2012

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Genitourinary schistosomiasis is produced by Schistosoma haematobium, a species of fluke that is endemic to Africa and the Middle East, and causes substantial morbidity and mortality in those regions. It also may be seen elsewhere, as a result of travel or immigration. S haematobium, one of the five fluke species that account for most human cases of schistosomiasis, is the only species that infects the genitourinary system, where it may lead to a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms and signs. In the early stages, it primarily involves the bladder and ureters; later, the kidneys and genital organs are involved. It rarely infects the colon or lungs. A definitive diagnosis of genitourinary schistosomiasis is based on findings of parasite ova at microscopic urinalysis. Clinical manifestations and radiologic imaging features also may be suggestive of the disease, even at an early stage: Hematuria, dysuria, and hemospermia, early clinical signs of an established S haematobium infection, appear within 3 months after infection. At imaging, fine ureteral calcifications that appear as a line or parallel lines on abdominopelvic radiographs and as a circular pattern on axial images from computed tomography (CT) are considered pathognomonic of early-stage schistosomiasis. Ureteritis, pyelitis, and cystitis cystica, conditions that are characterized by air bubble-like filling defects representing ova deposited in the ureter, kidney, and bladder, respectively, may be seen at intravenous urography, intravenous ureteropyelography, and CT urography. Coarse calcification, fibrosis, and strictures are signs of chronic or late-stage schistosomiasis. Such changes may be especially severe in the bladder, creating a predisposition to squamous cell carcinoma. Genital involvement, which occurs more often in men than in women, predominantly affects the prostate and seminal vesicles.

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Hematospermia: imaging findings

Torigian

Ramchandani

2006

Abdom Imaging

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Hematospermia is an anxiety provoking but otherwise generally benign and self-limited condition that is infrequently associated with significant underlying pathology, and is most often considered to be idiopathic in nature. Management with routine clinical evaluation, watchful waiting, and reassurance generally suffice without further diagnostic workup or treatment. Noninvasive imaging may play an important role in the diagnostic workup of men with hematospermia, particularly in those who are >40 years old, have other associated symptoms or signs of disease, or have persistence of hematospermia. Many entities may be encountered in association with hematospermia at imaging, and specific therapeutic interventions may be used if certain treatable underlying pathologies are coincidentally detected. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the potential etiologies, diagnostic workup, imaging techniques, relevant male pelvic anatomy, imaging appearance of specific associated pathologies, and treatment for hematospermia.

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Hematospermia Due to Schistosome Infection in Travelers

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Schistosomiasis in Swedish travellers to sub-Saharan Africa: can we rely on serology?

Schistosomiasis in Swedish travellers to sub-Saharan Africa: can we rely on serology?

Genitourinary Schistosomiasis: Life Cycle and Radiologic-Pathologic Findings

Hematospermia: imaging findings

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