Hemilaminectomy for the treatment of thoracolumbar disc disease in the dog: a follow‐uo studv of 40 cases

Scott, H. W.

doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1997.tb03303.x

Cited by 134 publications

(173 citation statements)

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“…Our results suggest that sex hormones might influence the cause of TL-IVDH in Japan. The thoracolumbar spine, particularly the T11-L2 region, is affected in the majority of cases, with a reported frequency range of 66 to 86.1% [2,5,9,19,21,25,27]. Thus our data is in agreement with past reports.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A Retrospective Study of Intervertebral Disc Herniation in Dogs in Japan: 297 Cases

et al. 2008

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ABSTRACT. We investigated the epidemiological characteristics of intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) in Japan in a large population using a retrospective study. The sample population was dogs (n=297) with IVDH in Japan. Medical records were reviewed for breed, sex, age, affected interspace and neurological severity. The dogs were comprised of 132 cases of cervical IVDH (C-IVDH) and 165 cases of thoracolumbar IVDH (TL-IVDH). In Japan, the Dachshund, Beagle and Shih Tzu tended to suffer from both C-IVDH and TL-IVDH. The Shiba Inu, a characteristic Japanese dog breed, suffered from both C-IVDH and TL-IVDH, although there was little data relating to the whole breed. Male dogs tended to suffer from C-IVDH and TL-IVDH at a rate almost twice that of females in Japan. Among the three predominant dog breeds, the Dachshund, Beagle and Shih Tzu, the Dachshund tended to suffer from both C-IVDH and TL-IVDH at an earlier age than the Beagle, and the Beagle tended to suffer from both C-IVDH and TL-IVDH earlier than the Shih Tzu. Among the three predominant breeds, the Shih Tzu, in particular, tended to suffer from both C-IVDH and TL-IVDH at multiple sites. Our data from Japan were in partial agreement with previous data from the U.S.A., and epidemiological characteristics of IVDH peculiar to Japan were also identified. KEY WORDS: age at admission, canine, chondrodystrophoid dog, epidemiological study, intervertebral disc disease.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 70 (7): [701][702][703][704][705][706] 2008 Cervical and thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) is a common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in dogs seen in small animal practice [1]. Herniation of the disc causes various grades of myelopathy, including pain, paresis and sometimes permanent paralysis. The epidemiology of IVDH in dogs has been widely studied in the U.S.A., with studies investigating a variety of epidemiological factors including breed, sex, age, location of affected interspace, the time between onset of clinical signs to having a medical examination and the severity of the clinical signs. In particular, many reports have suggested that chondrodystrophoid dog breeds tend to suffer from IVDH, with a mean age at admission that differs significantly from other breeds [6,12,13,18,22]. Epidemiological data provide clinical veterinarians with an advantage prior to diagnosis or medical treatment of IVDH. However, in Japan, the epidemiological characteristics of IVDH in dogs have not been studied sufficiently [20]. Differences in the epidemiological characteristics of IVDH in dogs between the U.S.A. and Japan might exist because the characteristics of the disease may depend in part on the canine population or the living environment of the country. To establish whether this is the case, it is necessary to examine original Japanese epidemiological data for IVDH in dogs. Therefore, we investigated the epidemiological characteristics of IVDH in Japan in a large population using a retrospective study, and in particular, evaluated the association between specific br...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A Retrospective Study of Intervertebral Disc Herniation in Dogs in Japan: 297 Cases

et al. 2008

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“…Our data support the consensus from previous studies indicating that presence or absence of CPP is the most important prognostic factor for functional recovery from SCI 5, 6, 12, 13, 14, 15. Indeed, we found that loss of CPP seems to be an indicator for poor recovery in dogs with L4‐S3 SCI (1/13 dogs recovered within 3 weeks, and 3/11 had a long‐term successful outcome).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…For instance, 22/23 (96%) of L4‐S3 SCI small‐breed or chondrodystrophic dogs with compressive lesions and UMN incontinence recovered within 3 weeks, and the remaining dog had recovered by 40 days. This result is not surprising, because these dogs are analogous to small‐breed, chondrodystrophic dogs with T3‐L3 SCI and preserved CPP caused by intervertebral disk extrusions, and a consensus exists that these dogs have an excellent prognosis (86%‐96% recovery rate) after decompressive surgery 5, 15, 17, 18, 19…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…One of these studies concerned dogs with loss of CPP,4 but the other 2 studies only had 15 and 36 such dogs. Prognosis for dogs with retained CPP in thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation usually is considered excellent (functional recovery in approximately 95% of dogs overall5, 15, 17, 18, 19), and thus, the low number of dogs that did not recover in these studies (0/175 and 7/366) is not surprising and may have led to a type II error.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Prognostic Factors Associated with Recovery of Ambulation and Urinary Continence in Dogs with Acute Lumbosacral Spinal Cord Injury

Shaw

Risio

Laws

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundLimited information is available about prognostic factors for recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) to the L4‐S3 segments. Previous research suggests that L4‐S3 SCI does not have a worse prognosis than T3‐L3 SCI.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo elucidate prognostic factors for regaining urinary continence and ambulation in dogs with L4‐S3 SCI and compare prognosis to T3‐L3 SCI.Animals/MethodsA retrospective study on 61 nonambulatory dogs with L4‐S3 SCI, matched to dogs with T3‐L3 SCI, compared 3 weeks after onset. Prognostic factors explored using logistic regression and used for matching: nonchondrodystrophic dogs >15 kg versus dogs that were chondrodystrophic or <15 kg; compressive versus noncompressive lesions; presence versus absence of conscious pain perception (CPP); and lower vs upper motor neuron (LMN/UMN) incontinence.ResultsFewer L4‐S3 dogs regained continence compared to T3‐L3 dogs (64 vs 85%, P = .0033), but no difference existed for regaining ambulation (66 vs 75%, P = .1306). In L4‐S3 SCI dogs, fewer dogs regained continence with loss of CPP (P < .001), LMN incontinence (P = .004), and noncompressive lesions (P = .006). Negative prognostic factors for regaining ambulation included absent CPP (P < .001) and large nonchondrodystrophic breed (P = .022).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDogs with L4‐S3 SCI have a poorer short‐term prognosis than do dogs with T3‐L3 SCI. Dogs with L4‐S3 SCI had a poor prognosis with loss of CPP, or noncompressive lesions combined with LMN incontinence. Small‐breed or chondrodystrophic dogs with retained CPP, compressive lesions, and UMN incontinence had an excellent prognosis. These findings may help guide decision‐making in L4‐S3 SCI.

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“…Considering the difficulty of objectively establishing the extent of the spinal cord damage, it is generally accepted to use the absence of pain perception as the most important indirect sign to asses complete functional spinal cord transection 1, 5. Absence of pain perception is classically associated with a severe to poor prognosis for functional recovery of voluntary locomotion 2, 6, 7, 8, 9. A recent study on paraplegic TL dogs with absent pain perception due to IVDE did not identify prognostic factors for any of the investigated variables, including age, corticosteroid administration, early surgical treatment, and severity of compression 10.…”

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confidence: 99%

Acquisition of Involuntary Spinal Locomotion (Spinal Walking) in Dogs with Irreversible Thoracolumbar Spinal Cord Lesion: 81 Dogs

Gallucci

Dragone²,

Menchetti

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundSpinal walking (SW) is described as the acquisition of an involuntary motor function in paraplegic dogs and cats without pain perception affected by a thoracolumbar lesion. Whereas spinal locomotion is well described in cats that underwent training trials after experimental spinal cord resection, less consistent information is available for dogs.HypothesisParaplegic dogs affected by a thoracolumbar complete spinal cord lesion undergoing intensive physical rehabilitation could acquire an autonomous SW gait under field conditions.AnimalsEighty‐one acute paraplegic thoracolumbar dogs without pelvic limb pain perception.MethodsRetrospective study of medical records of dogs selected for intensive rehabilitation treatment in paraplegic dogs with absence of pain perception on admission and during the whole treatment. Binary regression and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze potential associations with the development of SW.ResultsAutonomous SW was achieved in 48 dogs (59%). Median time to achieve SW was of 75.5 days (range: 16–350 days). On univariate analysis, SW gait was associated with younger age (P = .002) and early start of physiotherapy (P = .024). Multivariate logistic regression showed that younger age (≤60 months) and lightweight (≤7.8 kg) were positively associated with development of SW (P = .012 and P < .001, respectively). BCS, full‐time hospitalization, and type and site of the lesion were not significantly associated with development of SW.ConclusionsDogs with irreversible thoracolumbar lesion undergoing intensive physiotherapic treatment can acquire SW. Younger age and lightweight are positively associated with the development of SW gait.

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Hemilaminectomy for the treatment of thoracolumbar disc disease in the dog: a follow‐uo studv of 40 cases

Cited by 134 publications

References 27 publications

A Retrospective Study of Intervertebral Disc Herniation in Dogs in Japan: 297 Cases

A Retrospective Study of Intervertebral Disc Herniation in Dogs in Japan: 297 Cases

Prognostic Factors Associated with Recovery of Ambulation and Urinary Continence in Dogs with Acute Lumbosacral Spinal Cord Injury

Acquisition of Involuntary Spinal Locomotion (Spinal Walking) in Dogs with Irreversible Thoracolumbar Spinal Cord Lesion: 81 Dogs

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