Hemin-Functionalized Microfluidic Chip with Dual-Electric Signal Outputs for Accurate Determination of Uric Acid

Abstract

Herein, we develop a hemin-functionalized microfluidic chip with dual-electric signal outputs for accurate determination of uric acid (UA). Hemin is designed as the catalyst, which could trigger a built-in reference signal. Carbon nanotube (CNT) and alkalinized titanium carbide (alk-Ti3C2T x ) are used as attachment substrates to strengthen the signal. Benefiting from the synergistic action of hemin, CNT, and alk-Ti3C2T x , the hybrid functionalized sensor shows prominent electrochemical capacity, desirable catalytic activity, and unique built-in signal ability. Through density functional theory calculations, the structure–reactivity relationship and possible signal output mechanism are deeply investigated. The functionalized sensor is further integrated into a microfluidic chip to prepare a portable electrochemical sensing platform, in which multiple sample processing steps including primary filtration, target enrichment, and reliable analysis can be conducted step-by-step. Based on the abovementioned designs, the developed functionalized microfluidic platform presents desirable performance in UA determination with a detection limit of 0.41 μM. Furthermore, it is capable of accurately detecting UA in urine samples, providing a promising idea for biomolecule monitoring.

Fe Single-Atom Nanozyme-Modified Wearable Hydrogel Patch for Precise Analysis of Uric Acid at Rest

“…To reveal the oxidation mechanism of UA molecules on the surface of FeSAs, we performed DFT calculations. According to previous reports, , metal–OH complexes are the key intermediates in the catalytic reaction process of single-atom nanozymes. Here, we explored the possible catalytic processes and reaction pathways between FeSAs and UA (Figure A).…”

Integration of MXene and Microfluidics: A Perspective

“…By combining these elements, scientists aim to develop a reliable and efficient tool for early diagnosis and treatment of AD. 77 In another study, 78 researchers have created a microfluidic chip that has been modified with hemin, resulting in the generation of dual electric signals for the precise finding of uric acid (UA); the addition of hemin serves as a catalyst and produces an inherent reference signal. To enhance the signal, attachment substrates, such as alkalinized titanium carbide (alk-Ti 3 C 2 T x ) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) are used.…”

Rational Atomic Engineering of Prussian Blue Analogues as Peroxidase Mimetics for Colorimetric Urinalysis of Uric Acid

“…To meet the requirements of POCT, the simplicity of procedures is primarily considered. Although many methods were developed to determine UA in liquid specimens, including hydrophilic interaction chromatography, mass spectrometry, fluorometry, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemistry, − they are mostly confined to the manipulation of equipment or instruments in centralized laboratories, the pattern of which is contrary to that of POCT that can happen in a wide variety of locations such as at home. The most popular method for the detection of UA is by means of coupled enzymatic reactions, in which uricase catalyzes the hydrolysis of UA to allantoin and H 2 O 2 , and a second natural enzyme catalyzes the reaction of H 2 O 2 with a chromogenic or fluorogenic reagent, and the concentration of UA is indirectly correlated with the content of H 2 O 2 . , On the basis of this strategy, some UA assay kits are commercialized, such as the MAK077-1KT of Sigma-Aldrich and the ab65344 of Abcam company.…”