Hemmung der Phytol-Akkumulation mit Herbiziden. Geranylgeraniol-und Dihydrogeranylgeraniol-haltiges Chlorophyll aus Weizenkeimlingen

Rüjdiger, W.; Benz, Jürgen; Lempert, Ulrika; Schoch, Siegrid; Steffens, D.

doi:10.1016/s0044-328x(76)80150-x

Cited by 45 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The herbicidal bleaching effect of another trans-dihydropyrone, LS 761243, and the accumulation of l-carotene precursors in its presence has been reported recently.16) It should be noted here that we have not been able to demonstrate a direct inhibitory effect of amitrole or J 852 in our cell-free system, although there are reports that both herbicides cause an accumulation of c-carotene in intact plants. 17,18) Our data show that AMO 1618 is not only an inhibitor of squalene and kaurene cyclase as reported,5,6) but it also interferes with lycopene cyclase, although concentrations up to 1mM have to be applied ( Table 2). This is reminiscent of the pyridazinone herbicides, which are high-affinity inhibitors of phytoene desaturase,3) but also exhibit inhibition of f attyacid desaturation at increased concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

New Herbicidal Inhibitors of Carotene Biosynthesis

Sandmann¹,

Bramley²,

Böger³

1985

J. Pestic. Sci.

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New herbicidal compounds, CGA 22867, LS 80707, LS 80717, MB 38183, as well as AMO 1618 have been shown to interfere with enzymes of the carotenogenic pathway. Other reactions in the photosynthetic apparatus (i.e., electron transport, peroxidative processes) were not affected. With a cell-free enzyme system from Aphanocapsa, which converts phytoene into f-carotene, it was demonstrated that phytoene desaturase is inhibited by CGA 22867, MB 38183, LS 80707, and LS 80717. Furthermore, the activity of c-carotene desaturase was also decreased with LS 80707. The cyclase inhibitor AMO 1618 had an inhibitory effect on lycopene cyclase, the third enzyme in the reaction sequence from phytoene to fl-carotene. The inhibitory properties of all of these compounds were rather similar in vitro and in vivo.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

New Herbicidal Inhibitors of Carotene Biosynthesis

Sandmann¹,

Bramley²,

Böger³

1985

J. Pestic. Sci.

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“…The small amounts detected are compatible with an intermediary role for the geranylgeraniol esters. Tetrapyrroles esterified with geranylgeraniol and dihydrogeranylgeraniol have also been reported in etiolated wheat seedlings treated with inhibitors of carotenoid metabolism (259), again suggesting that the compounds may be intermediates in chlorophyll biosynthesis.…”

Section: Protochlorophyllide To Chlorophyll Amentioning

confidence: 87%

Hemes, Chlorophylls, and Related Compounds: Biosynthesis and Metabolic Regulation

Granick¹,

Beale²

1978

Advances in Enzymology - And Related Areas of Molecular Biology

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“…It is interesting to note that treatments of maize (82), wheat (83), radish (84), and barley (85) seedlings with amitrole lead to the de novo accumulation of lycopene, a chromoplast-specific carotenoid. Because amitrole is not a carotenoid cyclase inhibitor (69), we propose that elevated hydrogen peroxide, due to catalase inhibition, initiates the production of ROS, which subsequently elicit lycopene synthesis as a defense or adaptation response.…”

Section: ϫ4s]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction and Control of Chromoplast-specific Carotenoid Genes by Oxidative Stress

Bouvier¹,

Backhaus²,

Camara³

1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

186

102

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The differentiation of chloroplasts into chromoplasts involves a series of biochemical changes that culminate with the intense accumulation of long chain chromophore carotenoids such as lycopene, rhodoxanthin, astaxanthin, anhydroeschsoltzxanthin, capsanthin, and capsorubin. The signal pathways mediating these transformations are unknown. Chromoplast carotenoids are known to accumulate in green tissues experiencing stress conditions, and studies indicate that they provide efficient protection against oxidative stress. We tested the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as regulators of chromoplast carotenoid biosynthesis in vivo. The addition of ROS progenitors, such as menadione, tert-butylhydroperoxide, or paraquat and prooxidants such as diamide or buthionine sulfoximine to green pericarp discs of pepper fruits rapidly and dramatically induce the simultaneous expression of multiple carotenogenic gene mRNAS that give rise to capsanthin. Similarly, down-regulation of catalase by amitrole induces expression of carotenogenic gene mRNAs leading to the synthesis of capsanthin in excised green pericarp discs. ROS signals from plastids and mitochondria also contribute significantly to this process. Analysis of the capsanthin-capsorubin synthase promoter in combination with a ␤-glucuronidase reporter gene reveals strong activation in transformed pepper protoplasts challenged with the above ROS. Collectively these data demonstrate that ROS act as a novel class of second messengers that mediate intense carotenoid synthesis during chromoplast differentiation.Plastids are plant organelles whose diverse functions include photosynthesis, gravity perception, and biogenesis of microand macromolecules. These functions do not occur in all plastids but are associated with structurally distinct plastid types. Plastid differentiation is a highly coordinated process involving programmed, multi-phase events that are transduced by a variety of stimuli. These transducers activate numerous morphological and biochemical changes that ultimately affect plastid compartmentalization. This is particularly evident in chloroplasts undergoing the transformation to chromoplasts, an event characterized by the synthesis and accumulation of carotenoids into unique plastid substructures. These changes are accompanied by the yellow to red color shift in flowers, fruits, and roots of certain plants (1, 2). Although the molecular events controlling these alterations are largely unknown, emerging evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) 1 may play a vital role in this process (3). In this paper we present data showing how oxidative stress affects carotenogenesis in plants.Data from several model systems indicate that ROS operate at the molecular level. Homeostatic variations in ROS levels are known to activate normal and pathological events during animal cell development (4, 5).

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Hemmung der Phytol-Akkumulation mit Herbiziden. Geranylgeraniol-und Dihydrogeranylgeraniol-haltiges Chlorophyll aus Weizenkeimlingen

Cited by 45 publications

References 20 publications

New Herbicidal Inhibitors of Carotene Biosynthesis

New Herbicidal Inhibitors of Carotene Biosynthesis

Hemes, Chlorophylls, and Related Compounds: Biosynthesis and Metabolic Regulation

Induction and Control of Chromoplast-specific Carotenoid Genes by Oxidative Stress

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