Hemocompatibility of Poly(vinyl alcohol)–Gelatin Core–Shell Electrospun Nanofibers: A Scaffold for Modulating Platelet Deposition and Activation

Abstract

In this study, we evaluate coaxial electrospun nanofibers with gelatin in the shell and polyvinyl (PVA) in the core as a potential vascular material by determining fiber surface roughness, as well as human platelet deposition and activation under varying conditions. PVA scaffolds had the highest surface roughness (Ra = 65.5 ± 6.8 nm) but the lowest platelet deposition (34.2 ± 5.8 platelets) in comparison to gelatin nanofibers (Ra = 36.8 ± 3.0 nm & 168.9 ± 29.8 platelets) and coaxial nanofibers (1 Gel: 1 PVA coaxial – Ra = 24.0 ± 1.5 nm & 150.2 ± 17.4 platelets; 3 Gel: 1 PVA coaxial – Ra = 37.1 ± 2.8 nm & 167.8 ± 15.4 platelets). Therefore, the chemical structure of the gelatin nanofibers dominated surface roughness in platelet deposition. Due to their increased stiffness, the coaxial nanofibers had the highest platelet activation rate – rate of thrombin formation, in comparison to gelatin and PVA fibers. Our studies indicate that mechanical stiffness is a dominating factor for platelet deposition and activation, followed by biochemical moieties, and lastly surface roughness. Overall, these coaxial nanofibers are an appealing material for vascular applications by supporting cellular growth while minimizing platelet deposition and activation.

On the Use of the Platelet Activity State Assay for the In Vitro Quantification of Platelet Activation in Blood Recirculating Devices for Extracorporeal Circulation

“…In fact, our data suggest that fluid shear-dependent contribution predominates the platelet response under flow and that, conversely, the effects of GFP-surface contact interactions are not detected, even in the presence of relevant surface area-and residence timecharacteristic devices. Similar observations have been recently reported by Merkle and colleagues, which described reduced deposition and adhesion of platelets on nanofiber composites under shear conditions with respect to static platelet incubation (38).…”

Water absorption and antimicrobial behavior of physically cross linked poly (vinyl alcohol)/carrageenan films loaded with minocycline

“…PVA has been used on many biomaterial applications like artificial pancreas, hemodialysis and implantable biomaterials. [19,20] Although, PVA may conveniently be cross-linked with glutaraldehyde, but because of toxicity, glutaraldehyde is avoided in biomedical applications. [21] A thorough survey of the literature available through internet and other information sources reveals that there have been only a few reports presenting chemically In a typical experiment, 1 g of PVA was dissolved in 20 ml of distilled water, pre-heated to 90 °C, under mild stirring and the solution was now cooled down to 60 °C.…”

Rapid endothelialization and controlled smooth muscle regeneration by electrospun heparin‐loaded polycaprolactone/gelatin hybrid vascular grafts

“…This was likely a result of exposed gelatin active sites, the same sites responsible for collagen's induction of thrombogenesis within the sub‐endothelium. Under the circumstances of vascular damage, gelatin was exposed to circulating platelets and acted as a substrate for the adhesion of platelets, thus inducing platelet activation . By contrast, the macroscopic thrombus did not occur in the PGH group.…”