Hemodialysis System

Azar, Ahmad Taher; Canaud, Bernard

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27458-9_3

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Smaller modules in the same operating conditions allow more effective and efficient treatment with less blood out of the patient. Furthermore, it has been shown that less blood being removed from the body increases the health of the dialysis patient [ 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxone®-Mediated TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanomaterial Ultrafiltration and Dialysis Mixed-Matrix Hollow Fiber Membranes

et al. 2020

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Recent exploration of cellulose nanomaterials has resulted in the creation of Oxone®-Mediated TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanomaterials (OTO-CNMs). These materials, when incorporated into a polymer matrix, have properties showing increased flux, decreased membrane resistance, and improved clearance, making them an ideal material for dialysis. This study is the first to focus on the implementation of OTO-CNMs into hollow fiber membranes and a comparison of these membranes for ultrafiltration and dialysis. Ultrafiltration and dialysis were performed using bovine serum albumin (BSA), lysozyme, and urea to analyze various properties of each hollow fiber membrane type. The results presented in this study provide the first quantitative evaluation of the clearance and sieving characteristics of Oxone®-Mediated TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose-Nanomaterial-doped cellulose triacetate mixed-matrix hemodialyzers. While the cellulose nanomaterials increased flux (10–30%) in ultrafiltration mode, this was offset by increased removal of albumin. However, in dialysis mode, these materials drastically increased the mass transfer of components (50–100%), which could lead to significantly lower dialysis times for patients. This change in the performance between the two different modes is most likely due to the increased porosity of the cellulose nanomaterials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxone®-Mediated TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanomaterial Ultrafiltration and Dialysis Mixed-Matrix Hollow Fiber Membranes

et al. 2020

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“…As illustrated in Figure 12 , hemodialysis is a blood purification method that requires a separate dialysate stream, and toxins are extracted from the blood into the dialysate stream via natural diffusion down the concentration gradient. Normally, the MWCO (molecular weight cut off) of dialyzer membranes is from 3000 Da to more than 15 kDa [ 140 , 141 ]. In recent times, the super high flux dialyzer membrane can have a MWCO of around 65 kDa [ 142 ].…”

Section: Membrane-based Artificial Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Membrane Technology in Artificial Organs: Current Challenges and Perspectives

Nguyen

Thi

et al. 2021

Membranes

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The recent outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 reasserted the necessity of artificial lung membrane technology to treat patients with acute lung failure. In addition, the aging world population inevitably leads to higher demand for better artificial organ (AO) devices. Membrane technology is the central component in many of the AO devices including lung, kidney, liver and pancreas. Although AO technology has improved significantly in the past few decades, the quality of life of organ failure patients is still poor and the technology must be improved further. Most of the current AO literature focuses on the treatment and the clinical use of AO, while the research on the membrane development aspect of AO is relatively scarce. One of the speculated reasons is the wide interdisciplinary spectrum of AO technology, ranging from biotechnology to polymer chemistry and process engineering. In this review, in order to facilitate the membrane aspects of the AO research, the roles of membrane technology in the AO devices, along with the current challenges, are summarized. This review shows that there is a clear need for better membranes in terms of biocompatibility, permselectivity, module design, and process configuration.

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“…The safety of patients during dialysis treatment depends on the detection of blood leakage and the immediate notification of on-duty nursing staff. Existing hemodialysis machines monitor blood pressure, blood leakage, patient temperature, blood conductivity, blood PH, air bubble invasion, and the operating status of bypass devices [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…blood leakage, patient temperature, blood conductivity, blood PH, air bubble invasion, and the operating status of bypass devices [6,7]. Researchers have developed a number of schemes for the detection of blood leakage, including optical sensors, pad sensors, and wetness sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Ring Sensor Array and Machine Learning Model for the Early Blood Leakage Detection during Dialysis

Huang

Lin

2022

Processes

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Severe blood leakage resulting from the detachment of dialysis tubing is often difficult to detect by nurses in busy clinics. This paper presents a flexible blood leakage detection system featuring a ring-light sensor array with an operating wavelength of 500–700 nm, which is held in place by the gauze covering the dialysis puncture site. A ring-light sensor is connected to a bidirectional hetero-associative memory network, which interprets detected changes in signal strength, the output signal of which is transmitted via WiFi to a server at the nursing station where a machine learning algorithm determines whether blood leakage has occurred. The compact design of this early warning system greatly enhances the comfort and mobility of patients undergoing dialysis. The efficacy of the proposed system was demonstrated in experiments involving artificial blood.

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Hemodialysis System

Cited by 10 publications

References 71 publications

Oxone®-Mediated TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanomaterial Ultrafiltration and Dialysis Mixed-Matrix Hollow Fiber Membranes

Oxone®-Mediated TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanomaterial Ultrafiltration and Dialysis Mixed-Matrix Hollow Fiber Membranes

The Roles of Membrane Technology in Artificial Organs: Current Challenges and Perspectives

Flexible Ring Sensor Array and Machine Learning Model for the Early Blood Leakage Detection during Dialysis

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