Hemodialyzer Evaluation by Examination of Solute Molecular Spectra

Babb, A. L.; Farrell, Peter C.; Uvelli, David A.; Scribner, Belding H.

doi:10.1097/00002480-197201000-00030

Cited by 225 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…Such molecules do not fall under the classical definition of 'middle mole cules' originally proposed by Babb et al [12,13] as the major poorly dialyzable uremic toxins. Zimmerman et al [14] described uremic middle molecules with a molecular weight range of 500-2,000.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometric Determination of the Molecular Weight Range of Uremic Compounds that Displace Phenytoin from Protein Binding: Absence of Midmolecular Uremic Toxins

Dasgupta

Malik

1994

Am J Nephrol

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Uremic compounds are known to displace phenytoin from protein binding, resulting in a higher concentration of the pharmacologically active free fraction of phenytoin. The true chemical identities and molecular weight range of all these compounds are still unknown. We demonstrated that indoxyl sulfate and hippuric acid, which are found at high concentrations in uremic patients, can only partially explain the elevated free phenytoin concentration. Other known uremic compounds, guanidine, methylguanidine, and guanidinosuccinic acid, do not displace phenytoin from the protein-binding sites. Uremic compounds from sera of patients on maintenance hemodialysis were removed using activated charcoal. These compounds were then backextracted from activated charcoal using methanol and analyzed by fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy. Mass spectra of uremic sera showed no peak over m/z 450, indicating that midmolecular uremic toxins are not involved in displacing phenytoin from protein binding. We also observed additional peaks in the mass spectrum of uremic compounds when compared with the normal serum extract, indicating the presence of several endogeneous compounds in uremic sera, as expected.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometric Determination of the Molecular Weight Range of Uremic Compounds that Displace Phenytoin from Protein Binding: Absence of Midmolecular Uremic Toxins

Dasgupta

Malik

1994

Am J Nephrol

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“…From the beginning, hemodialysis filters have been designed and produced to be ideal solute exchangers and hydraulic units adequate to achieve the required amount of ultrafiltration of plasma water. Interestingly enough, the present filters do not differ significantly in basic principles from the original prototypes, although the operational conditions and the applied techniques have evolved a great deal [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

New Developments in Hemodialyzers

Ronco

Ballestri²,

Brendolan³

2000

Blood Purif

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“…These include urea, creatinine, potassium, hydrogen and phosphate ions, as well as a group of poorly de®ned solutes of molecular weight between 500 and 5000 kDa, known collectively as`middle molecules'. 3,4 These have been shown to cause neurotoxicity, but correlate poorly with other uraemic symptoms. A much larger molecule, b 2 -microglobulin, accumulates in renal failure.…”

Section: Potential Markers For Dialysis Adequacymentioning

confidence: 99%