Hemodynamic changes associated with obstructive sleep apnea followed by arousal in a porcine model

Pinto, Judith M.B.; Garpestad, Erik; Weiss, J. Woodrow; Bergau, Dennis; Kirby, Debra A.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1993.75.4.1439

Cited by 50 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…Short-term ( Յ 24 h) models of OSA have been produced in adult pigs (12) and dogs (13), but these models are not suitable for the study of the long-term consequences of the disorder. The present study represents the first report of the long-term application of an induced model of repetitive upper airway occlusion during sleep.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obstructive sleep apnea as a cause of systemic hypertension. Evidence from a canine model.

Brooks¹,

Horner²,

Kozar³

et al. 1997

J. Clin. Invest.

613

310

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Several epidemiological studies have identified obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as a risk factor for systemic hypertension, but a direct etiologic link between the two disorders has not been established definitively. Furthermore, the specific physiological mechanisms underlying the association between OSA and systemic hypertension have not been identified. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the effects of OSA on daytime and nighttime blood pressure (BP). We induced OSA in four dogs by intermittent airway occlusion during nocturnal sleep. Daytime and nighttime BP were measured before, during, and after a 1-3-mo long period of OSA. OSA resulted in acute transient increases in nighttime BP to a maximum of 13.0 Ϯ 2.0 mmHg (mean Ϯ SEM), and eventually produced sustained daytime hypertension to a maximum of 15.7 Ϯ 4.3 mmHg. In a subsequent protocol, recurrent arousal from sleep without airway occlusion did not result in daytime hypertension. The demonstration that OSA can lead to the development of sustained hypertension has considerable importance, given the high prevalence of both disorders in the population. ( J. Clin. Invest. 1997. 99:106-109.)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obstructive sleep apnea as a cause of systemic hypertension. Evidence from a canine model.

Brooks¹,

Horner²,

Kozar³

et al. 1997

J. Clin. Invest.

613

310

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In pigs, arousals induced by tracheal obstruction during sleep were associated with increases in blood pressure, heart rate and coronary vascular resistance [41]. a-Adrenergic receptor blockade eliminated increases in blood pressure and decreased coronary vascular resistance [41].…”

Section: Arousals and The Autonomic Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In dogs, spontaneous arousals from sleep were associated with acute rises in heart rate due to both sympathetic activation and parasympathetic withdrawal, and could be prevented by sympathetic block [40]. In pigs, arousals induced by tracheal obstruction during sleep were associated with increases in blood pressure, heart rate and coronary vascular resistance [41]. a-Adrenergic receptor blockade eliminated increases in blood pressure and decreased coronary vascular resistance [41].…”

Section: Arousals and The Autonomic Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of obstructive sleep apnoea on heart rhythm

2012

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Symptomatic obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has been proven to be a risk factor for hypertension and vascular dysfunction, and has been proposed to be causally related with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.Searches of bibliographical databases revealed that several mechanisms seem to underpin the association between OSA and cardiac arrhythmias: intermittent hypoxia associated with autonomic nervous system activation and increased oxidative stress, which may lead to cardiac cellular damage and alteration in myocardial excitability; recurrent arousals, resulting in sympathetic activation and coronary vasoconstriction; and increased negative intrathoracic pressure which may mechanically stretch the myocardial walls and, thus, promote acute changes in myocardial excitability as well as structural remodelling of the myocardium.Findings from cross-sectional studies suggest a high prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with OSA and a high prevalence of OSA in those with cardiac arrhythmias. Preliminary evidence from uncontrolled interventional studies suggests that treatment of OSA may prevent cardiac arrhythmias.In conclusion, there is preliminary evidence that OSA is associated with the development of cardiac arrhythmias. Data from randomised controlled studies are needed to definitively clarify the role of OSA in arrhythmogenesis.

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“…Many experiments involve a tracheotomy with an intermittently occluded endotracheal tube. Thus far, these techniques have been used in dogs (15), lambs (16), baboons (17), piglets (18,19), and rats (20). A dog model of OSA is depicted in Figure 2, in which a computer-controlled valve would close upon detection of a predetermined period of sleep.…”

Section: Surgical/mechanical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Apnea Research in Animals. Past, Present, and Future

Chopra

Polotsky

Jun

2016

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder that describes recurrent collapse of the upper airway during sleep. Animal models have been pivotal to the understanding of OSA pathogenesis, consequences, and treatment. In this review, we highlight the history of OSA research in animals and include the discovery of animals with spontaneous OSA, the induction of OSA in animals, and the emulation of OSA using exposures to intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation.

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Hemodynamic changes associated with obstructive sleep apnea followed by arousal in a porcine model

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Obstructive sleep apnea as a cause of systemic hypertension. Evidence from a canine model.

Obstructive sleep apnea as a cause of systemic hypertension. Evidence from a canine model.

Effects of obstructive sleep apnoea on heart rhythm

Sleep Apnea Research in Animals. Past, Present, and Future

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