Hemodynamic Dysfunctions in COVID-19 Patients

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory viral infection caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Thus, it objected to comprehend the pathophysiology of COVID-19, as well as its clinical repercussions on hemodynamic alterations. This is an integrative literature review, such a method is able to select and include experimental and non-experimental studies, qualitative in nature, descriptive and exploratory in character. Initially, it started from the guiding question: "What hemodynamic dysfunctions can the positive COVID-19 patient develop?" The study was conducted by searching the database: PUBMED, using the descriptors: "coagulopathy" and "COVID-19", combined by the Boolean operator AND. As inclusion criteria, the filters of one-year version, full text, clinical trial, meta-analysis, and randomized controlled trial were chosen. Coagulopathy and thromboembolic events are manifestations of COVID-19 and are designated as poor prognostic factors. The respiratory system is the main target of SARS-CoV-2, but other body systems may also be involved. Therefore, symptoms can range from respiratory distress to multiple organ failure. It is concluded that the presence of coagulopathy is a major source of mortality in COVID-19 positive patients. Also, coagulopathy is linked to the severity of the symptomatology of COVID-19, and that in more severe cases relatively increased levels of D-dimer, prothrombin time, and fibrinogen are present. In addition, no significant minimization in platelet levels was observed in severe cases of COVID-19.

Análise in silico do polimorfismo rs1803909 do gene ANXA2 expresso em monócitos de sangue periférico e sua relação com a osteoporose humana

“…Alguns autores comprovaram a terceira teoria, na qual os osteoclastos podem ser formados não apenas por células imaturas da linhagem monócito-macrófago, mas também por monócitos circulantes e macrófagos teciduais quando o ambiente fornecido é suficiente. Portanto, as duas últimas teorias constituem caminhos possíveis para o recrutamento de osteoclastos (fisiológica e patologicamente) (Ramalho, et al, 2000;Rezende, 2021).…”

“…É muito difícil coletar um grande número de osteoclastos de humanos para experimentos; no entanto, é relativamente fácil coletar grandes quantidades de MSP, que são precursores dos osteoclastos (Roodman, 2006;Rezende, 2021).…”

“…Estudos constataram várias citocinas sintetizadas pelos MSP (como por exemplo, as interleucinas (IL) 1 e 6, bem como o fator de necrose tumoral α), que são importantes para a diferenciação, ativação e apoptose dos osteoclastos (Cohen- Research, Society and Development, v. 11, n. 1, e8511124356, 2022(CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.24356 Solal, et al, 1993Pacifici, 1996;Cohen-Solal, et al, 1998). A expressão diferencial de genes em MSP estão relacionadas às variações na baixa densidade mineral óssea (BDMO) (Liu, et al, 2005;Deng, et al, 2008;Farber, 2010;Rezende, 2021). E de acordo com os resultados de Deng e colaboradores (2011) foi exposto que são necessárias a utilização de MSP como um tipo de célula modelo para pesquisar a função de genes relacionados ao risco de osteoporose humana.…”

Evaluation of Hemodynamic Status of the COVID-19 Patients Under Anesthesia

“…Coagulopathy can be one of the leading causes of death in COVID-19 patients. Some studies have also suggested that coagulation is associated with the severity of the COVID-19 symptoms (3). The results of published studies show that COVID-19 can also affect the cardiovascular system.…”