Hemodynamic Effects of Viperidae and Elapidae Snake Bites: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Snakebite is a health issue frequently overlooked in tropical and subtropical countries. Despite snake bites from the families of Viperidae and Elapidae have been reported, there is limited information on the range of clinical manifestations on hemodynamics in adults. This study aims to describe the clinical manifestations of hemodynamic disorders in adults due to snake bites from the Viperidae and Elapidae families. The data for the literature review on hemodynamic disorders caused by Viperidae and Elapidae snake bites in adults was collected through a systematic search on Sciencedirect and PubMed from 2018 to 2023, along with manual searches on Google Scholar. This literature review was conducted using a systematic search on ScienceDirect and PubMed from 2018 to 2023 and a manual search on Google Scholar. The findings were 21,431 snakebite cases from 47 published research studies successfully acquired in this study. There are 36% of coagulopathy cases worldwide, 2% of internal bleeding cases, 25% of arrhythmia cases, and 21% of cardiomyopathy cases. The majority of the cases (70%) were Viperidae bite cases, with some (20%) being Viperidae and Elapidae bite cases and a tiny number (10%) being Elapidae bite cases. The study underscores the importance of a comprehensive approach to snakebite management based on a thorough understanding of the hemodynamic effects induced by these snake families.