Hemodynamics and cardiogenesis. I. The effects of altered vascular patterns on cardiac development

Jaffee, Oscar Charles

doi:10.1002/jmor.1051100208

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Bremer and Jaffee based their conclusions from visual analysis of the forward movements of the blood cells (Bremer, 1932;Jaffee, 1962Jaffee, , 1963Jaffee, , 1965Jaffee, , 1966Jaffee, , 1967. In our experience, it is extremely difficult-in fact, virtually impossible-to delineate the entire course of the two streams by this method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the flow-molding theory, there are two spiral streams in the primary heart rube which mold the primitive cardiac chambers and play a major role in the septation process (Spitzer, 1923;Bremer, 1932;Goerttler, 1955;Barthel, 1960;De Vries et al, 1962;Jaffee, 1962Jaffee, , 1963Jaffee, , 1965Jaffee, , 1966Jaffee, , 1967. One stream is the so-called right heart stream which flows selectively through the future right atrium, the right part of the atrioventricular canal, right part of the primitive ventricle, and then spirally through the ventral and left portion of the conotruncus to reach the more caudal branchial arches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IT IS a traditional view that spiral streams of blood mold the primary heart tube during its development, and play a major role in the formation of the ventricular, bulbar, and aortico-pulmonary septa (Spitzer, 1923;Bremer, 1932;Goerttler, 1955;Barthel, 1960;De Vries et al, 1962;Jaffee, 1962Jaffee, , 1963Jaffee, , 1965Jaffee, , 1966Jaffee, , 1967. Experiments have been carried out to test this hypothesis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two spiral streams have been described, based on observations of the moving blood cells within the primitive heart (Bremer, 1932;Jaffee, 1962Jaffee, , 1963Jaffee, , 1965Jaffee, , 1966Jaffee, , 1967. This method of evaluation, however, is inadequate for tracing the entire course of the streams in the heart tube, and is subject to error.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Intracardiac flow patterns in early embryonic life. A reexamination.

Yoshida¹,

Manasek²,

Arcilla³

1983

Circulation Research

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SUMMARY. MicroangiogTaphy, using methylene blue injected at eight vitelline vein sites, was performed on 156 developing chick embryos at Hamburger-Hamilton stages 14-22. Two stream patterns were observed. Type A coursed sequentially through the dorsal portion of the sinus venosus, the cranial segments of the primitive atrium and atrioventricular canal, the ventral parts of the primitive ventricle and conus cordis, and, finally, the left branchial arches. Type B coursed through the ventral portion of the sinus venosus, the caudal segments of the primitive atrium and atrioventricular canal, the dorsal parts of the primitive ventricle and conus cordis, and, finally, the right branchial arches. Both streams flowed in parallel fashion in the conus cordis. At Hamburger-Hamilton stages 17-18, the dye stream from the right lateral vitelline vein was chiefly type A, whereas that from the left lateral vitelline vein was type B. At Hamburger-Hamilton stages 19-22, those patterns reversed, i.e., the right lateral vitelline vein stream ran as type B, whereas the left lateral vitelline vein stream assumed type A pattern. The cranial-caudal relationship of the two streams at the primitive atrium and atrioventricular canal is not consistent with the hypothesis that these streams separately expand the future right atrium and left atnum. Their parallel direction at the conus cordis does not support the theory that spiral septation is initiated by two spiral streams. The longitudinal separation of the two streams at and beyond the branchial arches also argues against aortico-pulmonary septation as a consequence of flow streaming. Our observations do not support the traditional flow-molding theory. (Circ Res 53: 363-371, 1983) IT IS a traditional view that spiral streams of blood mold the primary heart tube during its development, and play a major role in the formation of the ventricular, bulbar, and aortico-pulmonary septa

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intracardiac flow patterns in early embryonic life. A reexamination.

Yoshida¹,

Manasek²,

Arcilla³

1983

Circulation Research

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“…From those, one of the most pronounced epigenetic factors influencing vasculogenesis is hypoxia (Ribatti, 2006). Effects of hypoxia on cardiac development were studied for some time (Jaffee, 1978;Rouwet et al, 2002;Sharma et al, 2006). Recently, regional differences in myocardial tissue oxygenation during development were described (Wikenheiser et al, 2006), and regions with the lowest oxygen availability in the myocardium of the atria and interventricular septum were correlated with known sites of formation of coronary vessel and pacemaking and conduction system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Myocardial and Coronary Vasculature Development in Experimental Hypoxia

Naňka

Krizova

Fikrle

et al. 2008

The Anatomical Record

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Oxygen availability is one of the necessary prerequisites for normal embryonic development. In our previous study we found that quail embryos incubated under hypoxic conditions (16% O 2 ) die at embryonic day (ED) 9 with signs of heart failure. By ED4 and ED6 we found thinner ventricular wall and increased capillary density. We thus hypothesized that the cause of death would lie in severe myocardial and coronary maldevelopment. ED6 and 7 hypoxic hearts had thinner ventricular wall, especially left. There was a simultaneous increase in capillary density, most pronounced in the interventricular septum. This site corresponds to an area of tissue hypoxia and ensuing increased angiogenesis, and also formation of ventricular conduction system. Hypoxia had a positive effect on normal sequence of maturation of the conduction system evaluated by optical mapping at ED7. In sections from ED9 hypoxic hearts we found, in addition to thinner ventricular walls, irregularities in development of coronary tree (missing coronary ostia, absence of one coronary artery, and irregular arterial wall). This deficiency was due to decreased myocyte proliferation rather than to increased apoptosis. By Indian ink injection through the left ventricle we found in normoxic hearts regular coronary branching pattern, while in the hypoxic ones there was often only an irregular plexus. Embryonic hypoxia thus leads to increased capillarity and trabeculation to minimize diffusion distance. In the subsequent period there is a failure in organization of vascular plexus into normal vasculature, resulting in thin compact myocardium that likely leads to heart failure and embryonic death.

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Bloodstreams and the formation of the interatrial septum in the anuran heart

Jaffee

1963

Anat. Rec.

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Patterns of blood flow have been observed at several critical stages in the development of the frog heart. Shortly after the onset of circulation (Shumway stage 20) two inflowing streams were noted to cross in the sinus venoms and then continue through the atrium, parallel to each other. With the development of the hepatic return (stage 24) the right stream becomes much larger and its course diverted into the area that will become the definitive right atrium. The smaller left stream is then noted to flow around the right stream with the development of a spiralling of the streams. The left stream now leads into the area which will become the left atrium. This is the hemodynamic situation as the interatrial septum forms; the septum forms between the streams. ExperimentaI and histological evidence indicate that the interatrial septum is formed by a molding action of the bloodstreams on the tissues of the atrial wall.Experimental modifications of the vascular morphology of the anuran embryo have been found to influence the form of the developing heart (Jaffee, '62a). In order to evaluate hemodynamic factors involved in cardiogenesis more precisely a mapping of the bloodstreams within the developing heart itself is in progress. The observations to be described have been made of the venous inflow into the developing anuran heart with special reference to the formation of the interatrial septum. Histological aspects of septa1 development are included. METHODS AND MATERIALSEmbryos of the Leopard frog (Rana pipiens) were obtained by induced breeding, For observing the heart, specimens were anesthetized with tricaine methanesulfonate, placed in depression slides filled with amphibian Ringer solution and the ventral body wall opened exposing the heart. Observations of the sinus venosus and atrium were facilitated by displacing the ventricle cephalad with a glass needle held by a micromanipulator, and by displacing the intestine caudad.Observations were made on the stage of a compound microscope with transmitted light for the most part. Embryos of Shumway stages 20 to 22 could not be transilluminated and observations of blood flow in the atria of these specimens was made by placing a quartz rod dorsal to the heart using the technique developed by Knisely ('36). Motion pictures of blood flow were taken with a Bolex Rex 16mm camera at 16 frames per sec.Techniques for producing cardiac anomalies in this form as well as the histological methods utilized have been described (Jaffee, '62a). RESULTSTwo streams of blood cells flowing parallel to each other were observed in the atria at stages 20 to 22. This was of special interest since Bremer ('32) has described a crossing of the streams in the atria of the embryonic chick. The pattern of blood flow through the atrium noted at stages 20 to 22 was again seen at stage 23 when transillumination of the embryo was possible. Crossing of the bloodstreams was noted in the sinus venosus at this time.The sinus venosus at stage 23 is a symmetrical structure with a broad base which re...

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Hemodynamics and cardiogenesis. I. The effects of altered vascular patterns on cardiac development

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

Intracardiac flow patterns in early embryonic life. A reexamination.

Intracardiac flow patterns in early embryonic life. A reexamination.

Abnormal Myocardial and Coronary Vasculature Development in Experimental Hypoxia

Bloodstreams and the formation of the interatrial septum in the anuran heart

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