Hemoglobin and Plasma Protein

Robscheit‐Robbins, F. S.; Miller, Leon L.; Whipple, G. H.

doi:10.1084/jem.77.4.375

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…(Received for publication, March 6, 1946) These experiments continue and extend those previously published (3,4) to show the response t0 diet proteins of doubly depleted dogs (anemic and hypoproteinemic). When these experiments were started we had the conviction that we could control the output of hemoglobin and plasma protein respectively depending upon the amino acid make-up of the diet.…”

supporting

confidence: 84%

“…The general procedures of these experiments have been recently described or referred to (4,6). All animals are healthy dogs unless otherwise stated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basal ration is a biscuit containing no protein but it has adequate carbohydrates, fats, and minerals. Detailed description of the ingredients and methods of preparation has been published (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hemoglobin and Plasma Protein Production

Robscheit‐Robbins

Miller

Whipple

1946

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Given healthy dogs, fed abundant iron and protein-free or low protein diets, with sustained anemia and hypoproteinemia due to bleeding, we can study the capacity of these animals to produce simultaneousiy new hemoglobin and plasma protein. The reserve stores of blood protein-producing materials in this way are largely depleted, and levels of 6 to 8 gm. per cent for hemoglobin and 4 to 5 gm. per cent for plasma protein can be maintained for considerable periods of time. These dogs are very susceptible to infection and to injury by many poisons. Dogs tire of these diets and loss of appetite terminates many experiments. These incomplete experiments are not recorded in the present paper but give supporting evidence in harmony with those tabulated. Under these conditions (double depletion) the dogs use effectively the proteins listed above—egg, lactalbumin, meat, beef plasma, and digests of various food proteins and hemoglobin. Egg protein at times seems to favor slightly the production of plasma protein when compared with the average response (Tables 1 and 2). Various digests and concentrates compare favorably with good food proteins in the production of new hemoglobin and plasma protein in these doubly depleted dogs. Whole beef plasma by mouth is well utilized and the production of new hemoglobin is, if anything, above the average—certainly plasma protein production is not especially favored. "Modified" beef plasma by vein causes fatal anaphylaxis (Table 4). Hemoglobin digests are well used by mouth to form both hemoglobin and plasma protein. Supplementation by amino acids is recorded. Methionine in one experiment may have been responsible for a better protein output and digest utilization (Table 7).

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supporting

confidence: 84%

“…The general procedures of these experiments have been recently described or referred to (4,6). All animals are healthy dogs unless otherwise stated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hemoglobin and Plasma Protein Production

Robscheit‐Robbins

Miller

Whipple

1946

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…We have already reported experiments to show the general pattern of protein use in doubly depleted dogs (anemia plus hypoproteinemia) (3,5). In general the canine body favors hemoglobin above plasma proteins with a production ratio of about 2 gm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have tested hemoglobin given intraperitoneally or by mouth in the doubly depleted dogs, expecting to find that hemoglobin production would be favored over that of plasma protein. No such reaction was observed, but the usual 50 per cent ratio of plasma protein to hemoglobin was repeatedly noted (3). Plasma protein was tested similarly, given by vein as plasma or by mouth as plasma or as a digest.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anemia Plus Hypoproteinemia in Dogs

Whipple

Robscheit‐Robbins

1951

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Dogs with sustained anemia plus hypoproteinemia due to bleeding and a continuing low protein or protein-free diet containing abundant iron have been used in the present work to test food proteins and supplements as to their See PDF for Structure capacity to produce new hemoglobin and plasma proteins. The reserve stores of blood protein-producing materials are thus largely depleted in such animals and sustained levels of 6 to 8 gm. per cent hemoglobin and 4 to 5 gm. per cent plasma protein can be maintained for considerable periods of time. The stimulus of double depletion drives the body to use all protein building materials with the utmost conservation. This represents a severe biological test for food and body proteins and its assay value must have significance. Measured by this biological test in these experiments, casein stands well up among the best food proteins. The ratio of plasma protein to hemoglobin is about 40 to 50 per cent, which emphasizes the fact that these dogs produce on most diets about 2 gm. hemoglobin to 1 gm. plasma protein. The reason for this preference for hemoglobin production is obscure. The mass of circulating hemoglobin is greater even in this degree of anemia and the life cycle of hemoglobin is much longer than that of the plasma protein. Egg protein, egg albumin, and lactalbumin all favor the production of more plasma protein and less hemoglobin as compared with casein. The plasma protein to hemoglobin ratio is increased, sometimes above 100 per cent. Supplements to the above proteins of casein digests or several amino acids may return the response toward that which is standard for casein. Histidine as a supplement to egg protein increases the total blood protein output and brings the ratio of plasma protein to hemoglobin toward that of casein. Beef muscle goes to the other extreme and favors new hemoglobin production up to 4 gm. hemoglobin to 1 gm. plasma protein—a ratio of 25 per cent. The total amounts of new blood proteins are high. Lactalbumin as compared with casein shows a lower total blood protein output and a plasma protein to hemoglobin ratio of 70 to 90 per cent. Amino acid supplements are less effective. See PDF for Structure Fibrin is a good food protein in these experiments—much like casein. When fed over these 5 week periods it causes a sustained increase in blood fibrinogen. Folic acid in the doses given has no effect on the expected response to various diets. Peanut flour is a very poor diet for the production of new hemoglobin and plasma proteins. Small supplements of casein and beef show a significant response with improved output of blood proteins. Soy bean flour gives a poor response and wheat gluten a good response with adequate output of blood proteins. Visceral products show some variety. Beef heart is not as effective as beef muscle. Beef spleen, kidney, and pancreas give good responses but not up to casein. Pig stomach, beef brain, and calf thymus are below average. The plasma protein to hemoglobin ratio shows a narrow range (40 to 60 per cent) in experiments with visceral products.

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Deficiency Anemia in Infants

Bass¹

1944

Am J Dis Child

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Hemoglobin and Plasma Protein

Cited by 36 publications

References 14 publications

Hemoglobin and Plasma Protein Production

Hemoglobin and Plasma Protein Production

Anemia Plus Hypoproteinemia in Dogs

Deficiency Anemia in Infants

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