Hemoglobin levels and blood pressure are associated in rural black africans

Rasmussen, Jeppe Nørgaard; Mwaniki, Dennis; Kaduka, Lydia; Boit, Mike K.; Borch‐Johnsen, Knut; Friis, Henrik; Christensen, Dirk L.

doi:10.1002/ajhb.22758

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Among PWH in our study, >30% had moderate or severe anemia, and a reduction of hemoglobin of 5 g/dL was associated with a 10 mm Hg lower SBP. Studies from the general population have reported a small but statistically significant association between hemoglobin and blood pressure 28,29 . Higher hemoglobin may directly promote arterial stiffness or may reduce vascular nitric oxide levels leading to vasoconstriction, 30,31 and HIV may promote similar changes 32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood pressure, T cells, and mortality in people with HIV in Tanzania during the first 2 years of antiretroviral therapy

Reis

Desderius

Kingery

et al. 2020

J of Clinical Hypertension

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Cardiovascular disease is now a leading cause of mortality in people with HIV (PWH). High blood pressure is the major driver of cardiovascular disease. Despite this, little is known about blood pressure in PWH during the early years of antiretroviral therapy (ART). In this prospective cohort study in Tanzania, the authors conducted unobserved blood pressure measurements at enrollment, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months in 500 PWH initiating ART and 504 HIV-uninfected adults. The authors excluded measurements taken on antihypertensive medications. Although PWH had a significantly lower blood pressure before ART initiation, they had a significantly greater increase in blood pressure during the first 2 years of ART compared to HIV-uninfected controls. Blood pressure correlates in PWH differed from HIV-uninfected controls. In PWH, lower baseline CD4 + T-cell counts were associated with lower blood pressure, and greater increases in CD4 + T-cell counts on ART were associated with greater increases in blood pressure, both on average and within individuals. In addition, PWH with a systolic blood pressure (SBP) <90 mm Hg at the time of ART initiation had ~30% mortality in the following 3 months due to occult infections. These patients require careful investigation for occult infections, and those with tuberculosis may benefit from corticosteroids. | 1555 REIS Et al.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood pressure, T cells, and mortality in people with HIV in Tanzania during the first 2 years of antiretroviral therapy

Reis

Desderius

Kingery

et al. 2020

J of Clinical Hypertension

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“…This association has been widely investigated among Caucasians and Asians but with conflicting results [20][21][22][23][24]. Few studies among Africans have all shown a positive association between increasing Hb with BP [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors of pre‐hypertension and hypertension among non‐pregnant women of reproductive age in northeastern Tanzania: a community based cross‐sectional study

Msemo

Schmiegelow

Nielsen

et al. 2018

Tropical Med Int Health

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Objectives To determine risk factors of pre‐hypertension and hypertension in a cohort of 1247 rural Tanzanian women before conception. Methods Demographic and socioeconomic data, anthropometric measurements, past medical and obstetric history and other risk factors for pre‐hypertension and hypertension were collected using a structured questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between anthropometric indices and other risk factors of pre‐hypertension and hypertension. The predictive power of different anthropometric indicators for identification of pre‐hypertension and hypertension patients was determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (ROC). Results The median (range) age was 28.0 (18–40) years. The age‐standardised prevalences of pre‐hypertension and hypertension were 37.2 (95% CI 34.0–40.6) and 8.5% (95%CI 6.7–10.8), respectively. Of hypertensive patients (n = 98), only 20 (20.4%) were aware of their condition. In multivariate analysis, increasing age, obesity and haemoglobin levels were significantly associated with pre‐hypertension and hypertension. Conclusion Despite a low prevalence of hypertension, over one third of the women had pre‐hypertension. This poses a great challenge ahead as pre‐hypertensive women may progress into hypertension as they grow older without appropriate interventions. Obesity was the single most important modifiable risk factor for pre‐hypertension and hypertension.

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“…Going forward, mitigation of the ongoing epidemic of CVDs will require sound evidence and an in-depth understanding of the risk factors for CVDs and the specific context in which they occur. While there are a growing number of epidemiological studies and vital statistics on the risk factors for CVDs in Zambia [9–20], qualitative studies exploring how CVDs and their risk factors can be understood in their socioeconomic and cultural contexts remain remarkably scarce [9]. An in-depth analysis of qualitative data may provide different perspectives on our understanding of CVDs and is likely to lead to more informed policymaking [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary habits, body image, and health service access related to cardiovascular diseases in rural Zambia: A qualitative study

et al. 2019

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Background Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa, including Zambia, where cardiovascular diseases account for 8% of the mortality rates. Despite an increasing number of cardiovascular disease-related studies in Zambia, qualitative studies exploring how cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors are understood in the socioeconomic and cultural contexts are still few. This study, therefore, aimed to analyze the beliefs, perceptions, and behaviors related to cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors among the local residents of Zambia. Methods This qualitative study was conducted from August to September 2014 among healthy residents aged 40 years and above in a rural community in Mumbwa District. We investigated the beliefs, perceptions, and behaviors related to cardiovascular diseases and their potential risk factors in the sociocultural context of Zambia by conducting in-depth interviews and focus group interviews. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis with investigator triangulation. Results We conducted 34 in-depth interviews and 6 focus group interviews with 27 males and 40 females. Most participants were aware of the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases around them and correctly identified hypertension, excessive salt, sugar, and cooking oil intakes, poor quality cooking oil, consumption of meat or vegetables contaminated with chemicals, obesity, stress [“thinking too much”], lack of physical exercise, and heredity as potential risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, while smoking and alcohol were mentioned by only a few participants. However, they claimed that many of these risk factors were difficult to avoid due to ingrained taste preferences for high salt and sugar, increasingly busy lives that force them to use cooking oil to reduce preparation time, cultural preference for big body size or fatness, especially for women, stigmatized body image attached to HIV, stressful life or life events related to poverty, and financial barriers to affording quality foods and healthcare services. Limited health screening opportunities and the negative impact of HIV-related stigma on health-seeking behavior also emerged as important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions This study revealed that participants are relatively well aware of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors. However, they engage in high-risk health behaviors, due to ingrained taste preferences, limited knowledge, and unavoidable socioeconomic and cultural circumstances. Results suggest that prevention interventions addressing cardiovascular diseases in rural Zambia should target gaps in knowledge and socioeconomic and cultural barriers.

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Hemoglobin levels and blood pressure are associated in rural black africans

Abstract: B-hgb is associated with BP in rural black Africans.

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Blood pressure, T cells, and mortality in people with HIV in Tanzania during the first 2 years of antiretroviral therapy

Blood pressure, T cells, and mortality in people with HIV in Tanzania during the first 2 years of antiretroviral therapy

Risk factors of pre‐hypertension and hypertension among non‐pregnant women of reproductive age in northeastern Tanzania: a community based cross‐sectional study

Dietary habits, body image, and health service access related to cardiovascular diseases in rural Zambia: A qualitative study

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