Hemoglobin variations on a small bahamian island

Halberstein, Robert A.; Davies, John E.; Mack, Astrid K.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330550209

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The considerable proportion (ranging from 71.2% to 79.7%) of haplogroup A1b‐V152, B‐M60, E1a‐M33, E1b1a‐M2, and E2b‐M98 lineages in the Bahamian paternal gene pool (with the exception of the Long Island population), signals a direct genetic connection with continental Africa, consistent with earlier reports based on classical (Halberstein et al,1981) and autosomal STR (Herrera et al,2004; Simms et al,2008,2010,2011) markers. Genetic affinities between the Bahamas and continental Africa, which are also observed in the MDS (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Despite the moderate amount of genetic data available for the Caribbean and other New World populations, the islands of the Bahamas remain virtually unexplored genetically, with only a few phylogenetic and evolutionary studies on the island chain reported thus far. These investigations, which are based exclusively on classical (Halberstein et al,1981) and autosomal STR (Duncan etal.,1996; Budowle et al,1999; Herrera et al,2004; Simms et al,2008,2010,2011) polymorphisms, reveal substantial gene flow from continental Africa and varying degrees of genetic input from European, East Asian and Native American ancestors. In this article, we explore, for the first time, the paternal genetic histories of six Bahamian islands and their relationships with previously published reference collections using high‐resolution Y‐chromosome binary markers.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in macaque V1 are most frequently expressed by parvalbumin‐immunoreactive neurons

Disney

Aoki

2008

J of Comparative Neurology

102

118

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Acetylcholine (ACh) is believed to underlie mechanisms of arousal and attention in mammals. ACh also has a demonstrated functional effect in visual cortex that is both diverse and profound. We have reported previously that cholinergic modulation in V1 of the macaque monkey is strongly targeted toward GABAergic interneurons. Here we examine the localization of m1 and m2 muscarinic receptor subtypes across subpopulations of GABAergic interneurons-identified by their expression of the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin, calbindin, and calretinin-using dualimmunofluorescence confocal microscopy in V1 of the macaque monkey. In doing so, we find that the vast majority (87%) of parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons express m1-type muscarinic ACh receptors. m1 receptors are also expressed by 60% of calbindin-immunoreactive neurons and 40% of calretinin-immunoreactive neurons. m2 AChRs, on the other hand, are expressed by only 31% of parvalbumin neurons, 23% of calbindin neurons, and 25% of calretinin neurons. Parvalbuminimmunoreactive cells comprise ≈75% of the inhibitory neuronal population in V1 and included in this large subpopulation are neurons known to veto and regulate the synchrony of principal cell spiking. Through the expression of m1 ACh receptors on nearly all of these PV cells, the cholinergic system avails itself of powerful control of information flow through and processing within the network of principal cells in the cortical circuit. Keywords cholinergic; neuromodulation; GABAergic; striate cortex; immunofluorescence; dual-labeling; calcium-binding proteins; calbindin; calretinin; parvalbumin Acetylcholine (ACh) is a ubiquitous neuromodulator in the mammalian central nervous system and is implicated in many brain processes, including the sleep/wake cycle and arousal (Jasper and Tessier, 1971;Jimenez-Capdeville and Dykes, 1996;Vazquez and Baghdoyan, 2001), reward and addiction (Maskos et al., 2005), attention (Sarter et al., 2005), learning and memory (Everitt and Robbins, 1997;Rezvani and Levin, 2001;Hasselmo and McGaughy, 2004), as well as a number of neuropathologies including Alzheimer's disease (Gallagher and Colombo, 1995). We have previously reported that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are expressed by a larger proportion of GABAergic interneurons than non-GABAergic (putatively excitatory) neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) of the macaque monkey (Disney et al., 2006). However, cortical inhibitory neurons are not a homogeneous population. GABAexpressing neurons display considerable functional diversity, which is reflected in their varying dendritic and axonal morphology and in the cells and cellular compartments their axons target. While anatomical classification of GABAergic neurons has traditionally been based on these NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript morphological characteristics (Lund, 1987;Van Brederode et al., 1990;Lund and Yoshioka, 1991;Meskenaite, 1997;Lund and Wu, 1997; De-Felipe et al., 1999), an alternative classificat...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in macaque V1 are most frequently expressed by parvalbumin‐immunoreactive neurons

Disney

Aoki

2008

J of Comparative Neurology

102

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The considerable proportion (ranging from 71.2% to 79.7%) of haplogroup A1b-V152, B-M60, E1a-M33, E1b1a-M2, and E2b-M98 lineages in the Bahamian paternal gene pool (with the exception of the Long Island population), signals a direct genetic connection with continental Africa, consistent with earlier reports based on classical (Halberstein et al, 1981) and autosomal STR Simms et al, 2008Simms et al, , 2010Simms et al, , 2011 markers. Genetic affinities between the Bahamas and continental Africa, which are also observed in the MDS (Fig.…”

Section: Discussion Genetic Signatures Of the Transatlantic Slave Tradesupporting

confidence: 84%

“…These investigations, which are based exclusively on classical (Halberstein et al, 1981) and autosomal STR (Duncan et al, 1996;Budowle et al, 1999;Herrera et al, 2004;Simms et al, 2008Simms et al, , 2010Simms et al, , 2011 polymorphisms, reveal substantial gene flow from continental Africa and varying degrees of genetic input from European, East Asian and Native American ancestors. In this article, we explore, for the first time, the paternal genetic histories of six Bahamian islands and their relationships with previously published reference collections using highresolution Y-chromosome binary markers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Paternal lineages signal distinct genetic contributions from British Loyalists and continental Africans among different Bahamian islands

Simms

Martinez

Herrera

et al. 2011

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Over the past 500 years, the Bahamas has been influenced by a wide array of settlers, some of whom have left marked genetic imprints throughout the archipelago. To assess the extent of each group's genetic contributions, high-resolution Y-chromosome analyses were performed, for the first time, to delineate the patriarchal ancestry of six islands in the Northwest (Abaco and Grand Bahama) and Central (Eleuthera, Exuma, Long Island, and New Providence) Bahamas and their genetic relationships with previously published reference populations. Our results reveal genetic signals emanating primarily from African and European sources, with the predominantly sub-Saharan African and Western European haplogroups E1b1a-M2 and R1b1b1-M269, respectively, accounting for greater than 75% of all Bahamian patrilineages. Surprisingly, we observe notable discrepancies among the six Bahamian populations in their distribution of these lineages, with E1b1a-M2 predominating Y-chromosomes in the collections from Abaco, Exuma, Eleuthera, Grand Bahama, and New Providence, whereas R1b1b1-M269 is found at elevated levels in the Long Island population. Substantial Y-STR haplotype variation within sub-haplogroups E1b1a7a-U174 and E1b1ba8-U175 (greater than any continental African collection) is also noted, possibly indicating genetic influences from a variety of West and Central African groups. Furthermore, differential European genetic contributions in each island (with the exception of Exuma) reflect settlement patterns of the British Loyalists subsequent to the American Revolution.

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The genetic legacy of the Transatlantic Slave Trade in the island of New Providence

Simms

Garcia

Mirabal

et al. 2008

Forensic Science International: Genetics

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Hemoglobin variations on a small bahamian island

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in macaque V1 are most frequently expressed by parvalbumin‐immunoreactive neurons

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in macaque V1 are most frequently expressed by parvalbumin‐immunoreactive neurons

Paternal lineages signal distinct genetic contributions from British Loyalists and continental Africans among different Bahamian islands

The genetic legacy of the Transatlantic Slave Trade in the island of New Providence

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