Hemolin, an immunoglobulin-like peptide, opsonizes nonself targets for phagocytosis and encapsulation in Spodoptera exigua, a lepidopteran insect

Jung, Jihyeon; Sajjadian, Seyede Minoo; Kim, Yonggyun

doi:10.1016/j.aspen.2019.08.002

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Hemolin, a member of the immunoglobulin super family ( Eleftherianos et al., 2007 ), was found to be more abundant in the infected larvae at all time points with increasing abundance over time, 4 h (+2.2 fold) 48 h (+55.7 fold) and 168 h (+87.8 fold) pi. Hemolin aids haemocyte aggregation and phagocytosis of foreign cells through recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, as well as fungal β-1,3-glucan ( Eleftherianos et al., 2007 ; Jung et al., 2019 ). Hemolin opsonizes microbial pathogens and binds to haemocytes, enhancing phagocytic uptake and eliminating invading pathogens ( Aathmanathan et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immune Responses of Galleria mellonella to Mycobacterium bovis BCG Challenge Identified Using Proteomic and Molecular Approaches

Asai

Sheehan

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The larvae of the insect Galleria mellonella, have recently been established as a non-mammalian infection model for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). To gain further insight into the potential of this model, we applied proteomic (label-free quantification) and transcriptomic (gene expression) approaches to characterise the innate immune response of G. mellonella to infection with Mycobacterium bovis BCG lux over a 168 h time course. Proteomic analysis of the haemolymph from infected larvae revealed distinct changes in the proteome at all time points (4, 48, 168 h). Reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR confirmed induction of five genes (gloverin, cecropin, IMPI, hemolin, and Hdd11), which encoded proteins found to be differentially abundant from the proteomic analysis. However, the trend between gene expression and protein abundance were largely inconsistent (20%). Overall, the data are in agreement with previous phenotypic observations such as haemocyte internalization of mycobacterial bacilli (hemolin/β-actin), formation of granuloma-like structures (Hdd11), and melanization (phenoloxidase activating enzyme 3 and serpins). Furthermore, similarities in immune expression in G. mellonella, mouse, zebrafish and in vitro cell-line models of tuberculosis infection were also identified for the mechanism of phagocytosis (β-actin). Cecropins (antimicrobial peptides), which share the same α-helical motif as a highly potent peptide expressed in humans (h-CAP-18), were induced in G. mellonella in response to infection, giving insight into a potential starting point for novel antimycobacterial agents. We believe that these novel insights into the innate immune response further contribute to the validation of this cost-effective and ethically acceptable insect model to study members of the MTBC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immune Responses of Galleria mellonella to Mycobacterium bovis BCG Challenge Identified Using Proteomic and Molecular Approaches

Asai

Sheehan

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…I-type lectins belong to the immunoglobulin gene superfamily (IgSF). Hemolins, the wellstudied I-type lectins of D. melanogaster, S. exigua, and M. sexta, recognize lipopolysaccharides, and their expression was shown to be induced after bacterial infection [62]. Further studies suggest that hemolin facilitates phagocytosis of bacteria and encapsulation of synthetic beads [62][63][64].…”

Section: Insect Lectinsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…CTLmediated phagocytosis has also been observed in mammalians and shrimps [105,106]. Besides the CTLs, the I-type lectin hemolin SeHem from S. exigua also helped the host cells to eliminate bacteria by enhancing phagocytosis [62]. Galectins from crustaceans have been reported to enhance host phagocytosis [107] but there are no such reports for insect galectins.…”

Section: Lectin-induced Cellular Immunity 421 Phagocytosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 12 h, the beads were found to be extensively encapsulated and melanized [99]. Besides CTLs, the I-type lectin SeHem was also reported to coat nonself targets for encapsulation [62]. While many lectins have been reported to participate in encapsulation and melanization [9], it is not very clear which receptors on the plasma membrane are responsible for the effect.…”

Section: Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can Plant Lectins Help to Elucidate Insect Lectin-Mediated Immune Response?

Chen

Schutter

Damme

et al. 2021

Insects

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Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that recognize and selectively bind to specific sugar structures. This group of proteins is widespread in plants, animals, and microorganisms, and exerts a broad range of functions. Many plant lectins were identified as exogenous stimuli of vertebrate immunity. Despite being the largest and most diverse taxon on earth, the study of lectins and their functions in insects is lagging behind. In insects, research on lectins and their biological importance has mainly focused on the C-type lectin (CTL) family, limiting our global understanding of the function of insect lectins and their role in insect immunity. In contrast, plant lectins have been well characterized and the immunomodulatory effects of several plant lectins have been documented extensively in vertebrates. This information could complement the missing knowledge on endogenous insect lectins and contribute to understanding of the processes and mechanisms by which lectins participate in insect immunity. This review summarizes existing studies of immune responses stimulated by endogenous or exogenous lectins. Understanding how lectins modulate insect immune responses can provide insight which, in turn, can help to elaborate novel ideas applicable for the protection of beneficial insects and the development of novel pest control strategies.

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“…Phagocytosis activity was determined using the method described by Jung et al (2019). Briefly, E. coli Top10 cells were cultured in 50 ml of LB broth at 37°C for 16 h. These bacterial cells were then harvested by centrifuging 1 ml of the cultured broth at 1 120 g for 10 min at 4°C.…”

Section: Phagocytosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Eicosanoid‐induced calcium signaling mediates cellular immune responses of Tenebrio molitor

Roy

Kim

2021

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Calcium signaling is associated with actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. It is required for expressing cellular immune responses of insect hemocytes. Eicosanoids mediate immune responses by cytoskeleton rearrangement against various pathogen infections in insects. The objective of this study was to investigate cellular immune responses of a mealworm, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The hypothesis tested was that immune responses would be mediated by calcium signaling associated with eicosanoid mediation. Larvae of T. molitor possessed at least four morphological types of hemocytes, most (almost 75%) of which were granulocytes and plasmatocytes. They all exhibited a hemocyte-spreading behavior by F-actin extension. Upon bacterial infection, hemocytes exhibited phagocytosis and formed hemocytic nodules. Intracellular calcium was detected in hemocytes. Its amount increased with increasing incubation time after bacterial infection. Inhibition of calcium influx or release from endoplasmic reticulum using specific inhibitors prevented cellular immune responses. Interestingly, treatment with an eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitor suppressed calcium signals induced by bacterial challenge. Furthermore, treatment with naproxen, a prostaglandin (PG) synthesis inhibitor, or esculetin, a leukotriene synthesis inhibitor, also inhibited the increase of calcium concentration in hemocytes. Among eicosanoids, PGE 2 highly stimulated the increase of calcium signals. These results suggest that cellular immune responses of T. molitor are triggered by calcium signaling, which is up-regulated by eicosanoids.

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Hemolin, an immunoglobulin-like peptide, opsonizes nonself targets for phagocytosis and encapsulation in Spodoptera exigua, a lepidopteran insect

Cited by 12 publications

References 65 publications

Innate Immune Responses of Galleria mellonella to Mycobacterium bovis BCG Challenge Identified Using Proteomic and Molecular Approaches

Innate Immune Responses of Galleria mellonella to Mycobacterium bovis BCG Challenge Identified Using Proteomic and Molecular Approaches

Can Plant Lectins Help to Elucidate Insect Lectin-Mediated Immune Response?

Eicosanoid‐induced calcium signaling mediates cellular immune responses of Tenebrio molitor

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