Hemolymph Clotting in Insects

Bohn, Horst

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70768-1_14

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The exact mode of CrV1 interaction with the haemocyte remains to be elucidated. Although nothing is known about the molecular reactions leading to haemocyte activation, these events are essential for the attachment, aggregation (Gupta, 1991 ;Ratcliffe, 1993) and coagulation reactions (Bohn, 1986) that constitute the cellular defence response against bacteria and parasitoids. Exposure of haemocytes to foreign objects or microorganisms causes cell membrane rearrangements (Gupta, 1991 ;Nappi & Silvers, 1984 ;, which expose specific surface molecules and facilitate cell adhesion (Rizki & Rizki, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A polydnavirus-encoded protein of an endoparasitoid wasp is an immune suppressor.

Asgari¹,

Schmidt²,

Theopold³

1997

Journal of General Virology

105

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The molecular mechanism by which polydnaviruses of endoparasitoid wasps disrupt cell-mediated encapsulation reactions of host insects is largely unknown. Here we show that a polydnavirus-encoded protein, produced from baculovirus and plasmid expression vectors, prevents cell surface exposure of lectin-binding sites and microparticle formation during immune stimulation of haemocytes. The inactivation of immune-related cellular processes by this protein was analysed using a specific lectin and annexin V and shown to be virtually identical to polydnavirus-mediated effects on haemocytes. Cytochalasin D application has

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A polydnavirus-encoded protein of an endoparasitoid wasp is an immune suppressor.

Asgari¹,

Schmidt²,

Theopold³

1997

Journal of General Virology

105

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“…Also in invertebrates, haemolymph flushes out of the body after wounding, likely sweeping out most of the penetrated parasites. This is followed by immediate wound clotting, during which remaining parasites are trapped in the local area, preventing their further distribution through the body (Bohn 1986;Gupta 1991;Theopold et al 2002).…”

Section: Individual and Social Anti-parasite Defence Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analogies in the evolution of individual and social immunity

Cremer

Sixt

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

141

140

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We compare anti-parasite defences at the level of multicellular organisms and insect societies, and find that selection by parasites at these two organisational levels is often very similar and has created a number of parallel evolutionary solutions in the host's immune response. The defence mechanisms of both individuals and insect colonies start with border defences to prevent parasite intake and are followed by soma defences that prevent the establishment and spread of the parasite between the body's cells or the social insect workers. Lastly, germ line defences are employed to inhibit infection of the reproductive tissue of organisms or the reproductive individuals in colonies. We further find sophisticated self/non-self-recognition systems operating at both levels, which appear to be vital in maintaining the integrity of the body or colony as a reproductive entity. We then expand on the regulation of immune responses and end with a contemplation of how evolution may shape the different immune components, both within and between levels. The aim of this review is to highlight common evolutionary principles acting in disease defence at the level of both individual organisms and societies, thereby linking the fields of physiological and ecological immunology.

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“…Clotting in insects was originally studied in larger biochemically amenable species and shown to involve another kind of transport proteins, namely lipophorins, which are considered as the insect LDL and HDL equivalents (summarized in Bohn [9] and in the article by Eleftherianos and Revenis in this issue [57]). More recent studies on smaller model insects, such as mosquitoes and Drosophila melanogaster , confirmed the earlier results from other insects [10,11] , and added hexamerin (also called larval serum protein: a class of storage proteins) and its receptor to the list of storage proteins involved in [36].…”

Section: Clotting In Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One additional example includes proteins such as hexamerins, which have been recruited to function both in clotting and housekeeping physiology. Another example are lipid transport proteins (lipophorins) in insects, which act as the insect's equivalent of LDL and HDL, but are also recruited as clotting factors and immune modulators [9,10,40] . Linking lipophorin to immunity, the composition of lipophorin particles has been found to vary depending on the immune status of the insect and includes pattern recognition molecules of the innate immune system [41,42] .…”

Section: Clotting: At the Crossroads Between Physiology And Immunity?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coagulation Systems of Invertebrates and Vertebrates and Their Roles in Innate Immunity: The Same Side of Two Coins?

et al. 2010

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Bacterial infections represent a serious health care problem, and all multicellular organisms have developed defense mechanisms to eliminate pathogens that enter the host via different paths including wounds. Many invertebrates have an open circulatory system, and effective coagulation systems are in place to ensure fast and efficient closure of wounds. It was proposed early on that coagulation systems in invertebrates play a major role not only in sealing wounds but also in preventing systemic infections. More recent evidence suggests that vertebrates, too, rely on clotting as an immune effector mechanism. Here we discuss the evolution of clotting systems against the background of their versatile function in innate immunity.

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Hemolymph Clotting in Insects

Cited by 36 publications

References 40 publications

A polydnavirus-encoded protein of an endoparasitoid wasp is an immune suppressor.

A polydnavirus-encoded protein of an endoparasitoid wasp is an immune suppressor.

Analogies in the evolution of individual and social immunity

Coagulation Systems of Invertebrates and Vertebrates and Their Roles in Innate Immunity: The Same Side of Two Coins?

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