Hemolymph Polymorphism in a Moth and the Nature of Sex-Controlled Inheritance

Stehr, G.

doi:10.2307/2406135

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that in butterflies a disproportionate number of genes related to sexuality, reproduction, and speciation are located on the Z chromosome, which forms approximately onesixtieth of the genome in females. Female mate-selection behavior, male courtship signals, female limitation of color polymorphism, and mimicry are thought to result largely from interactions between autosomal genes and uncompensated Z-linked regulatory genes (Stehr 1959;Sheppard 1961;Cook 1964;Grula and Taylor 1980;Sperling 1994). In B. mori, four muscle protein genes, Bmkettin, Bmtitin1, Bmtitin2, and Bmprojectin, and another gene involved in locomotor behavior, Bmhig, are Z-linked and are not dosage compensated (Suzuki et al 1998(Suzuki et al , 1999Koike et al 2003).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Silkworm Z Chromosome Is Enriched in Testis-Specific Genes

2009

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The role of sex chromosomes in sex determination has been well studied in diverse groups of organisms. However, the role of the genes on the sex chromosomes in conferring sexual dimorphism is still being experimentally evaluated. An unequal complement of sex chromosomes between two sexes makes them amenable to sex-specific evolutionary forces. Sex-linked genes preferentially expressed in one sex over the other offer a potential means of addressing the role of sex chromosomes in sexual dimorphism. We examined the testis transcriptome of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, which has a ZW chromosome constitution in the female and ZZ in the male, and show that the Z chromosome harbors a significantly higher number of genes expressed preferentially in testis compared to the autosomes. We hypothesize that sexual antagonism and absence of dosage compensation have possibly led to the accumulation of many male-specific genes on the Z chromosome. Further, our analysis of testis-specific paralogous genes suggests that the accumulation on the Z chromosome of genes advantageous to males has occurred primarily by translocation or tandem duplication.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Silkworm Z Chromosome Is Enriched in Testis-Specific Genes

2009

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“…That yellow is dominant is most unlikely, as shown above; that males are heterogametic is also unlikely, although the evidence is indirect. All moths investigated have heterogametic females, namely Abraxas grossulariata (Geometridae) (Doncaster and Raynor), Lymantria (Lymantriidae) (Goldschmidt), Oporinia autumnata (Geometridae) (Harrison), Ephestia kuehniella (Pyralidae) (Kuhn and Henke) (all original references cited by Ford, 1937), Phigalia pilosaria (Geometridae) (cited by Ford, 1955), Bombyx mori (Bombycidae) (Tanaka, 1916), and Choristoneura jumijerana (Tortricidae) (Stehr, 1959); these belong to five out of a total of eighteen superfamilies according to the classification by Bourgogne (1951), so heterogametic females are fairly widespread and heterogametic males unknown in the Lepidoptera. In the genus Cidaria (Geometridae) the females have no chiasmata in meiosis, again suggesting that they are heterogametic (Suomalainen, 1965 (Clarke and Sheppard, 1962b ); and the marked deficiency of females in many hybrid Papilio, the heterogametic sex usually being the less viable in weak hybrids.…”

Section: Natural Selection In the Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Selection for and Against a Polymorphism Which Interacts With Sex

Turner

1968

Evolution

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“…Therefore, the viability of heterogametic females in spite of an absence of dosage compensation raises questions about the role of this process. Several studies on butterflies suggest that the absence of dosage compensation may be the result of a precise adaptation (Stehr, 1959;Grula & Taylor, 1980;Sperling, 1994). Johnson & Turner (1979) suggested that the absence of dosage compensation may provide the metabolic basis for the limitation of expression to the female sex, which is a common feature of mimicry, and of some nonmimetic polymorphisms in butterflies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But it appears that dosage compensation is not an absolute requirement even for animals with distinctly heteromorphic sex chromosomes. For example, in birds and butterflies, there is an apparent lack of dosage compensation for Z-linked genes (Stehr, 1959;Cook, 1964;Johnson & Turner, 1979;Baverstock et al, 1982). In the domestic fowl, house sparrow and spotted turtledove, cytoplasmic aconitase is Z-linked and its activity in males is twice that in females (Baverstock et al, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bm kettin, homologue of the Drosophila kettin gene, is located on the Z chromosome in Bombyx mori and is not dosage compensated

1999

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In Bombyx mori, the female is the heterogametic sex and the sex determining system is referred to as ZZ/ZW. In a previous study, we found that this insect does not show dosage compensation at the transcriptional level. To confirm the validity of our conclusion, we investigated whether or not another sex-linked gene is dosage compensated. To identify new Z-linked genes, total RNA from reciprocal hybrid females between the silkworm strains p50 and C108 was compared using the differential display technique. Nine cDNA fragments corresponding to several differentially expressed mRNAs were cloned and sequenced. The analysis of nucleotide sequence polymorphisms confirmed that one of these cDNAs, ZDD4, originated from the Z chromosome. The amino acid sequence deduced from ZDD4 has homology with kettin, a modular protein in the Z-disc of Drosophila melanogaster muscles. On immunoblots of Bombyx larval muscle proteins a polypeptide of 380 kDa was labelled with antibody to the ZDD4 peptide. We considered that the gene corresponding to ZDD4 encodes a kettin homologue in the silkworm, and denote it as Bm kettin. By a three-point cross, Bm kettin was mapped at 40.0 cM on the Z chromosome. Southern blot analysis revealed that Bm kettin was present at one copy in the genome. Northern blot analysis showed that Bm kettin mRNA was 9.1kb in length, and that the level of the mRNA in males was two times greater than that of females. Taken together with our previous observations, the present data suggest that lack of dosage compensation is a general rule in B. mori. Moreover, the twofold difference in Bm kettin expression between males and females may help explain the sexual difference in the wing flapping activity observed in some groups of Lepidoptera.

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Hemolymph Polymorphism in a Moth and the Nature of Sex-Controlled Inheritance

Cited by 25 publications

References 11 publications

The Silkworm Z Chromosome Is Enriched in Testis-Specific Genes

The Silkworm Z Chromosome Is Enriched in Testis-Specific Genes

Natural Selection for and Against a Polymorphism Which Interacts With Sex

Bm kettin, homologue of the Drosophila kettin gene, is located on the Z chromosome in Bombyx mori and is not dosage compensated

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