Hemolysis prediction in bio-microfluidic applications using resolved CFD-DEM simulations

Porcaro, Carmine; Saeedipour, Mahdi

doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107400

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…We recognize the need to address these limitations in future studies. Exploring more sophisticated hemolysis models that incorporate additional factors beyond shear stress and exposure time could provide a more comprehensive understanding of hemolysis behavior [ 34 , 73 ]. Further validation of the employed empirical parameters across a wider range of experimental conditions and blood sources would strengthen the model’s generalizability and reduce uncertainties in the predictions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At physiologically relevant flow rates, the small dimensions and sharp edges of microfluidic devices may result in shear sufficient to induce hemolysis (rupture of red blood cells) or other bleeding disorders [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Many studies have applied empirical and computational models of hemolysis to other blood contacting medical devices, such as valves and blood pumps [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. There have also been studies that use microfluidics as a tool to detect hemolytic properties of blood samples [ 35 , 36 ], but there is a lack of studies that delve into the hemolysis of blood-contacting microfluidic medical devices, particularly at the flow rates required for use as an oxygenator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Empirical and Computational Evaluation of Hemolysis in a Microfluidic Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator Prototype

Imtiaz,

Poskus,

Stoddard

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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Microfluidic devices promise to overcome the limitations of conventional hemodialysis and oxygenation technologies by incorporating novel membranes with ultra-high permeability into portable devices with low blood volume. However, the characteristically small dimensions of these devices contribute to both non-physiologic shear that could damage blood components and laminar flow that inhibits transport. While many studies have been performed to empirically and computationally study hemolysis in medical devices, such as valves and blood pumps, little is known about blood damage in microfluidic devices. In this study, four variants of a representative microfluidic membrane-based oxygenator and two controls (positive and negative) are introduced, and computational models are used to predict hemolysis. The simulations were performed in ANSYS Fluent for nine shear stress-based parameter sets for the power law hemolysis model. We found that three of the nine tested parameters overpredict (5 to 10×) hemolysis compared to empirical experiments. However, three parameter sets demonstrated higher predictive accuracy for hemolysis values in devices characterized by low shear conditions, while another three parameter sets exhibited better performance for devices operating under higher shear conditions. Empirical testing of the devices in a recirculating loop revealed levels of hemolysis significantly lower (<2 ppm) than the hemolysis ranges observed in conventional oxygenators (>10 ppm). Evaluating the model’s ability to predict hemolysis across diverse shearing conditions, both through empirical experiments and computational validation, will provide valuable insights for future micro ECMO device development by directly relating geometric and shear stress with hemolysis levels. We propose that, with an informed selection of hemolysis parameters based on the shear ranges of the test device, computational modeling can complement empirical testing in the development of novel high-flow blood-contacting microfluidic devices, allowing for a more efficient iterative design process. Furthermore, the low device-induced hemolysis measured in our study at physiologically relevant flow rates is promising for the future development of microfluidic oxygenators and dialyzers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical and Computational Evaluation of Hemolysis in a Microfluidic Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator Prototype

Imtiaz,

Poskus,

Stoddard

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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Cohesive particle–fluid systems: An overview of their CFD simulation

Marchelli,

Fiori,

Di Felice

2024

Can J Chem Eng

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Solid particles may experience different kinds of cohesive forces, which cause them to form agglomerates and affect their flow in multiphase systems. When such systems are simulated through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) programs, appropriate modelling tools must be included to reproduce this feature. In this review, these strategies are addressed for various systems and scales. After an introduction of the different forces (van der Waals, electrostatic, liquid bridge forces, etc.), the modelling approaches are categorized under three methodologies. For diluted slurries of very fine particles, many researchers succeeded with pseudo‐single phase approaches, employing a model for the non‐Newtonian rheology. This was especially popular for sludges in anaerobic digestions or certain types of soils. In other cases, continuum‐based approaches seem to be more adequate, including cohesiveness in the kinetic theory of granular flows or the restitution coefficient. Geldart‐A particles experiencing van der Waals forces are the primary focus of such studies. Finally, when each particle is modelled as a discrete element, the cohesive force can be directly specified; this is especially widespread for the wet fluidization case. For each of these approaches, a general overview of the main strategies, achievements, and limits is provided.

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