Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn: A Review of Current Trends and Prospects

Myle, Akshay Kiran; Al-Khattabi, Ghanim. Hamid.

doi:10.2147/phmt.s327032

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Blood incompatibility and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency have been implicated in the development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia [ 4 ], and hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) may lead to severe hyperbilirubinemia. [ 5 ] The etiology of HDN starts with the attack of fetal RBCs by maternal antibodies owing to incompatibility of fetal and maternal blood attributed to the Rhesus and ABO antigen systems [ 5 ]. Hyperbilirubinemia that continues without appropriate management may result in harmful effects including jaundice, neurotoxicity, and brain dysfunction, and may also cause pharmacokinetic alterations of drugs [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Total Serum Bilirubin Level Post-Ibuprofen Use Is Inversely Correlated with Neonates’ Body Weight

et al. 2022

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Backgrounds: Drugs with the ability to displace bilirubin from albumin-binding sites subsequently leading to an increased bilirubin level may cause hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. Ibuprofen is commonly used to treat patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in neonates, yet the use of ibuprofen has drawn mixed conclusions. We performed a retrospective study to determine how ibuprofen use influences the total serum bilirubin (TSB) level in neonates of differing birth weight (BW). Materials and methods: Neonates (including premature infants) born at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan during January 2004 to July 2020 were entered into this study. We recorded the phototherapy duration, including the initial day and end day, and determined the average influence of one-day phototherapy on TSB level. The highest monitored TSB level post-ibuprofen use minus the one measured prior to ibuprofen use was considered the TSB change following ibuprofen administration in this study, and the above-mentioned influence of daily phototherapy on the TSB level was used to correlate the results. Neonates with any of the following conditions were excluded: those who received ceftriaxone, those with intraventricular hemorrhage, and those infected with TORCH. Results: The average daily influence of phototherapy on the TSB level of neonates was −0.20 (−0.57~0.05) mg/dL, −0.28 (−0.84~0.13) mg/dL, −0.75 (−1.77~0.10) mg/dL, and −1.60 (−2.70~−0.50) mg/dL in neonates with BWs of <1 kg, 1–1.49 kg, 1.5–2.49 kg, and ≥2.5 kg, respectively, indicating that neonates with a BW ≥ 1.5 kg experienced a greater reduction in TSB level following phototherapy as compared with those with a BW < 1.5 kg. The average TSB increase following ibuprofen use in neonates was 3.38 ± 2.77 mg/dL, 2.04 ± 2.53 mg/dL, and 1.34 ± 2.24 mg/dL in neonates with BWs of <1 kg, 1–1.49 kg, and ≥1.5 kg, respectively, i.e., an elevated TSB change with a decreased neonate BW was noted post-ibuprofen use (p = 0.026, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)). Conclusions: As ibuprofen use is correlated with an apparent increase in TSB level in neonates with a lower BW, especially in those with a BW < 1 kg, iv acetaminophen can be an appropriate alternative to ibuprofen for ELBW neonates for the treatment of PDA if they are experiencing severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Total Serum Bilirubin Level Post-Ibuprofen Use Is Inversely Correlated with Neonates’ Body Weight

et al. 2022

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“…Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur in the fetal or early neonatal period (1). The etiology is complex, but the most common cause is ABO and rhesus (Rh) blood group incompatibility (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of IgG antibody titer and subtype in diagnosis and severity assessment of hemolytic disease of the newborn

Ding¹,

Zhang²,

Li³

2022

Transl Pediatr

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Background:To analyze the effect of different times of pregnancy of type O pregnant women on the occurrence of ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO-HDN).Methods: From December 2018 to December 2021, 725 pregnant women with O blood group (husbands with non-O blood group) who met the inclusion criteria were collected. There were 116 cases of ABO-HDN, which were summarized and analyzed. The pregnant women were divided into primigravida and non-primigravida groups. The influence of the number of pregnancies on the occurrence of ABO-HDN was compared, and the antibody titer of pregnant women with type O blood was monitored. The relationship between antibody titer and HDN in pregnant women was analyzed by hemolysis test and indirect bilirubin concentration.Results: In the primigravida group, 0 patients with HDN had a titer ≤1:64, 8 (8/26) had a titer of 1:128, 9 (9/20) had a titer of 1:256, 2 (2/4) had a titer of 1:512, and 2 (2/3) had a titer >1:512. In the nonprimigravida group, there were 0 cases with a titer ≤1:64, 32 cases (32/78) with a titer of 1:128, and 26 cases (26/46) with a titer of 1:256. The number of cases of ABO incompatibility in maternal and infant groups with different titers of IgG anti-A (B) antibody were 377 cases in the <1:64 group, 130 cases in the 1:64 group, 104 cases in the 1:128 group, 66 cases in the 1:256 group, 32 cases in the 1:512 group, and 45 cases in the >1:512 group. The positive rates of ABO-HDN were 0.0% (0/0), 0.0% (0/0), 38.5% (40/104), 53.0% (35/66), 81.3% (26/32) and 93.8% (15/16), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions:The occurrence of ABO-HDN was not significantly related to the blood type of the pregnant woman's husband. Therefore, in order to reduce the degree of hemolysis and avoid the occurrence of bilirubin encephalopathy or even death, pregnant women with antibody titer >1:64 in second or subsequent pregnancies should be closely monitored.

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“…In 1609, a French midwife and her twins were considered as the first case received in HDN. In 1932, Diamond and his colleagues defined the word erythroblastosis fetalis, just as soon as they discovered there was a link in the circulation between jaundice, fetal hydrops, erythroblasts, and anemia (Myle & Al-Khattabi, 2021). In 1940, Landsteiner and Weiner found the Rh blood group system, and later on, Levine figured out the source of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1940, Landsteiner and Weiner found the Rh blood group system, and later on, Levine figured out the source of the disease. Chown found the pathogenesis of Rh alloimmunization to be due to hemorrhage which leads to the invasion of maternal circulation as a result of the passage of fetal RBCs carrying Rh positive antigen with a negative Rh antigen (Myle & Al-Khattabi, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1971, a recommendation was made by the World Health Organisation (WHO) that for every one mL of fetomaternal hemorrhage of Rh-positive packed RBCs or two mL of whole blood, a dose of 25 mcg (125 IU) of anti-D (IgG) immunoglobulin shall be administered intramuscularly, to stop the happening of HDN (Myle & Al-Khattabi, 2021). In 1998, the suggestion to include prophylaxis dose at 28 weeks gestation was reinforced by the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists and the American Association of Blood Banks (Pegoraro et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of HDNF due to ABO, Rh (D) and Other Blood Groups among Newborns, Sudan

Muddathir¹,

Abdallah²,

Elradi³

et al. 2022

J Biochem Technol

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The determination of the frequency of HDFN found in jaundiced newborns in Sudan was the goal of the analysis. In Omdurman maternity inside a Sudanese hospital, 220 mothers and their babies who had jaundice altogether were received in hospital-Sudan and a prospective cross-sectional hospital-based analysis was carried out them. In addition to ABO and Rhesus blood group typing, indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) and direct coomb's test (DAT) was applied for mothers and their jaundiced newborns, respectively. IgG anti-A and anti-B were checked inside the infant's plasma to detect any incompatibility of ABO. The infant's blood samples were taken and it underwent the tests of Hemoglobin, Reticulocyte count, thin blood films, and packed cell volume to check the hemolytic status of the baby. The history of abortion, prophylactic anti-D and blood transfusion was written as well. From the analysis, 57.3% (63/110) was the fetus's and newborn's frequency of hemolytic disease among the studied subjects. The ones with incompatibility of ABO are 28.6% (18/63), and the ones with incompatibility of Rh (D) are 20.6% (13/63) even while prophylactic anti-D was used, while 50.8% (32/63) as a result from other blood groups antigens. The study concluded that the most common cause of HDFN in the studied population is from the other blood group antigens. The analysis also showed that the happening of Rh (D) HDFN wasn't erased in spite of the Rh immunoglobulin usage.

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Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn: A Review of Current Trends and Prospects

Cited by 26 publications

References 58 publications

Increased Total Serum Bilirubin Level Post-Ibuprofen Use Is Inversely Correlated with Neonates’ Body Weight

Increased Total Serum Bilirubin Level Post-Ibuprofen Use Is Inversely Correlated with Neonates’ Body Weight

Application of IgG antibody titer and subtype in diagnosis and severity assessment of hemolytic disease of the newborn

Prevalence of HDNF due to ABO, Rh (D) and Other Blood Groups among Newborns, Sudan

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