Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in an HIV-positive patient with concomitant disseminated histoplasmosis

Loganantharaj, Nisha; Oliver, Brianna; Smith, Taylor R.; Jetly, Rachna; Engel, Lee S.; Sanne, Shane E

doi:10.1177/0956462417753008

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…HLH was associated with malignancy in 17 patients (6)(7)(8)11,12,15,(29)(30)(31)(35)(36)(37)39,44). Infection was associated with HLH in 25 patients (4,9,10,13,14,(17)(18)(19)(20)24,26,28,32,33,38,(41)(42)(43). In two patients, both malignancy and infection were attributed as the cause for HLH (Table 3) (34,40).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in human immunodeficiency virus: a systematic review of literature

Fazal

Gupta

Mittal

et al. 2020

DD&T

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Diagnosis and management of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are scarcely described in the published literature. The aim of this systematic review was to delineate the triggers of HLH in patients with HIV and understand the role of steroids in the management. We conducted a comprehensive search of English medical literature via the Medline ⁄ PubMed database using different synonyms of "HIV" AND "HLH". The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018099987). The titles and abstracts of the 185 articles between January 1986 and April 2018 were reviewed. The final analysis was done from 42 articles with 52 patients. HLH was associated with malignancy in 17 patients, while infection was found in 25 patients. No cause was identified in eight patients, out of which four had acute HIV infection. Death was reported in 21 patients. Presence of either malignancy (p = 0.051) or opportunistic infection (p = 0.69) was not associated with increased chances of death by univariate analysis. A total of 26 patients were treated with steroids, while etoposide was used in only four patients. Administration of steroids as a treatment of HLH was associated with more chances of death (p = 0.048). Malignancy and Opportunistic infections are important triggers for HLH in patients with HIV. Acute HIV by itself can act as a trigger for HLH. Evidence on the use of steroids as a treatment of HLH in patients with HIV is not convincing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in human immunodeficiency virus: a systematic review of literature

Fazal

Gupta

Mittal

et al. 2020

DD&T

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“…A literature search for histoplasmosis associated with HLH in HIV-positive patients yielded 33 papers describing 65 AIDS patients with histoplasmosis and reactive hemophagocytosis. The results are shown in Table 1 [ 10 , 11 , 18 , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] ]. Sex was reported in 60 patients, of whom 45 were male.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to histoplasmosis: A case report in a patient with AIDS and recent SARS-CoV-2 infection and minireview

Pipitò

Medaglia

Trizzino

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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“…HLH in HIV-infected patients is commonly triggered by concomitant opportunistic infections. [25 , 26] An underlying genetic predisposition could not be ruled out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Five years’ experience at tertiary hospitals in Free State Province, South Africa

2020

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The first case of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) was described in 1939 by Scott and Robb-Smith. [1] After their patients had initially been diagnosed with 'atypical Hodgkin disease' , they named the condition histiocytic medullary reticulosis. [1,2] It was later classified as a type of malignant histiocytosis. [3] Altook et al. [4] described HLH as 'a rare disease of massive, dysregulated cytokine release and secondary multiorgan failure […] associated with high mortality'. [4] HLH is classified according to aetiology, namely primary (genetic) or secondary (acquired). [5] Patients with primary HLH have an underlying genetic cause or a history of familial predisposition. These underlying causes involve genetic mutations that eradicate proteins crucially required for normal function of cytotoxic T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells. [6] In 70-80% of cases, primary HLH occurs in infants and young children, [7] with symptoms presenting within the first year of life, and 10% of cases diagnosed in the neonatal period. [8-10] However, cases have been described in older children and adults. [11] Secondary HLH occurs in the absence of a known genetic lesion and is triggered by an underlying condition resulting from a malignant, infectious, or autoimmune stimulus. [6] The secondary causes of HLH are summarised in Table 1. However, it is increasingly recognised that

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Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in an HIV-positive patient with concomitant disseminated histoplasmosis

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in human immunodeficiency virus: a systematic review of literature

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in human immunodeficiency virus: a systematic review of literature

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to histoplasmosis: A case report in a patient with AIDS and recent SARS-CoV-2 infection and minireview

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Five years’ experience at tertiary hospitals in Free State Province, South Africa

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