Hemophilus influenzae pneumonia in adults

Wallace, Richard J.; Musher, Daniel M.; Martin, R. Russell

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(78)90182-1

The American Journal of Medicine

1978

DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(78)90182-1

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Hemophilus influenzae pneumonia in adults

Richard J. Wallace¹,

Daniel M. Musher²,

R. Russell Martin³

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Cited by 124 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Up to 50% of H. influenzae strains isolated from the blood or cerebrospinal fluid of pediatric patients have been reported to be ampicillin resistant (7). However, our low rate of isolation of ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae is similar to that in previous reports of isolates from adult blood or sputum cultures (11,48,59,64).…”

supporting

confidence: 84%

Ampicillin versus cefamandole as initial therapy for community-acquired pneumonia

Weber¹,

Calderwood²,

Karchmer³

et al. 1987

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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supporting

confidence: 84%

Ampicillin versus cefamandole as initial therapy for community-acquired pneumonia

Weber¹,

Calderwood²,

Karchmer³

et al. 1987

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…It has been found that 34 to 47% of sputum cultures are negative with proven H. influenzae pneumonia. 23,24 Non-typeable H. influenzae colonizes the respiratory tract of adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and causes intermittent exacerbations. 25 Fifty three percent of the patients with acute exacerbation of COPD showed the growth of H. influenzae in this study which complies with the finding (>50.0%) in Turkey.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trend of bacterial aetiology of lower respiratory tract infection in a tertiary care centre of Nepal

Mishra

Kattel

Acharya

et al. 2012

Int J Infection & Microbiol

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INTRODUCTION:Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are among the most common infectious diseases of humans. This study focused on determining the recent trend of bacterial aetiology of LRTIs among the patients attending Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) in Kathmandu. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This was a prospective study conducted over a period of six months in the bacteriology laboratory of TUTH. A total of 1120 specimens representing lower respiratory tract were received from patients with suspected LRTIs. The specimens were collected and processed according to standard methodology. RESULTS:Respiratory pathogens were recovered from 44.4% cases (n=497). Gram-negative bacteria were recovered in 84.1% (n=488). Bacteria were more commonly recovered from endotracheal secretion (41/61, 67.2%) than in sputum (454/1039, 43.7%) and bronchial washing (2/20, 10%). Ninety-one percent (n=454) growth was monomicrobial while the rest accounted for mixed growth. Among the organisms isolated, Haemophilus influenzae (112, 21%) was the most predominant pathogen followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (102, 19.1%), Pseudomonads (91, 17.1%), Acinetobacter baumannii calcoaceticus complex (60, 10.9%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (46, 8.6%), Escherichia coli (37, 6.9%).CONCLUSIONS: H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were the most common Gram-negative and Grampositive bacterial isolates recovered, respectively from LRTIs urging for monitoring and surveillance of these pathogens.

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“…Nontypable H. influenzae has been increasingly implicated in community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia in adults (3,9,19,20,22,40,41) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nontypable H. influenzae has been increasingly implicated in community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia in adults (3,9,19,20,22,40,41) and is associated with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (35). In addition, nontypable H. influenzae plays a major role in certain pediatric diseases, such as otitis media and pneumonia (25,33).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure to detect ampicillin-resistant, non-beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae by standard disk susceptibility testing

Mendelman¹,

Chaffin²,

Clausen³

et al. 1986

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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We questioned whether the apparent rarity of ampicillin-resistant, non-4-lactamase-producing (NBLP) Haemophilus influenzae was due to failure of detection. We identified ampicillin-resistant and ampicillinsusceptible H. influenzae by the agar dilution technique, using 105-and 103-CFU inocula. We compared the disk susceptibility of 18 ampicihlin-resistant NBLP strains, 13 ampicillin-resistant, (8-lactamase-producing strains, and 10 ampicillin-susceptible strains by using standard 10-and 2-,ug ampicillin disks on two different media. We also investigated the possibility that disks containing 10 ,ug of clavulanic acid and 2 ,ug of ampicillin could be used to distinguish between the two ampicillin-resistant populations. Using the disk containing 2 ,ug of ampicillin, we correctly differentiated all the ampiciflin-resistant isolates from the ampicillin-susceptible isolates on both media (a zone diameter of s15 mm was considered resistant). In contrast, the 10-,ug ampiciflin disk failed to detect 44% (8 of 18) of the ampicillin-resistant NBLP strains (a zone diameter of sl9 mm was considered resistant). The MIC of ampicillin with the 103-CFU inoculum correlated better with zone diameters than with the 105-CFU inoculum. A difference in zone diameters of .8 mm between the disk containing 10 ,g of clavulanic acid and 2 ,ug of ampicillin and the disk containing only 2 ,ug of ampicillin correctly identified all j3-lactamase-producing strains. We conclude that the 2-,ug ampicillin disk tests more readily identify ampicillin resistance in H. influenzae than do the 10-,ug ampicillin disk tests. Future investigation should determine whether this in vitro resistance correlates with clinical treatment failures.Although the most common mechanism of ampicillin resistance (Amp) in Haemophilus influenzae is plasmidmediated production of TEM P-lactamase (4,7,17, 32,37), pathogenic Ampr type b H. influenzae lacking detectable P-lactamase activity has been reported (12,14,24,26).Clinical isolates with this phenotype appear to be even more common among nontypable respiratory tract H. influenzae (1,29,37). Nontypable H. influenzae has been increasingly implicated in community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia in adults (3,9,19,20,22,40,41)

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Hemophilus influenzae pneumonia in adults

Cited by 124 publications

References 38 publications

Ampicillin versus cefamandole as initial therapy for community-acquired pneumonia

Ampicillin versus cefamandole as initial therapy for community-acquired pneumonia

Recent trend of bacterial aetiology of lower respiratory tract infection in a tertiary care centre of Nepal

Failure to detect ampicillin-resistant, non-beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae by standard disk susceptibility testing

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